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Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

The Lancet · 2020 · Vol. 396(10258) · pp. 1223–1249

Christopher J L Murray✉Aleksandr Y. AravkinPeng ZhengCristiana AbbafatiKaja AbbasMohsen Abbasi‐KangevariFoad Abd-AllahAhmed AbdelalimMohammad AbdollahıIbrahim AbdollahpourKedir Hussein AbegazHassan AbolhassaniVictor AboyansLucas Guimarães AbreuMichael R.M. AbrigoAhmed AbualhasanLaith J. Abu‐RaddadAbdelrahman Ibrahim AbushoukMaryam AdabiVictor AdekanmbiAbiodun M. AdeoyeOlatunji AdetokunbohDavoud AdhamShailesh M AdvaniGina AgarwalSeyed Mohammad Kazem AghamirAnurag AgrawalTauseef AhmadKeivan AhmadiMehdi AhmadiHamid AhmadiehMuktar Beshir AhmedTemesgen Yihunie AkaluRufus AkinyemiTomi AkinyemijuBlessing Akombi-InyangChisom Joyqueenet AkunnaFares AlahdabZiyad Al‐AlyKhurshid AlamShazia AlamShazia AlamFahad AlaneziTurki M AlanziBiresaw WassihunKhalid F. AlHabibMuhammad AliSaqib AliGianfranco AlicandroCyrus AliniaVahid AlipourHesam AlizadeSyed Mohamed AljunidFrançois AllaPeter AllebeckAmir Almasi‐HashianiHesham M. Al‐MekhlafiJordi AlonsoKhalid A AltirkawiMostafa Amini‐RaraniFatemeh AmiriDickson A AmugsiRobert AncuceanuDeanna AnderliniJason A AndersonCătălina Liliana AndreiTudorel AndreiColin AngusMina AnjomshoaFereshteh AnsariAlireza Ansari‐MoghaddamIppazio Cosimo AntonazzoCarl Abelardo T AntonioCatherine M AntonyErnoiz AntriyandartiDavood AnvariRazique AnwerSeth Christopher Yaw AppiahJalal ArablooMorteza Arab‐ZozaniFilippo ArianiBahram ArmoonJohan ÄrnlövAfsaneh ArzaniMehran Asadi-AliabadiAli A. Asadi‐PooyaCharlie AshbaughMichael AssmusZahra AtafarDesta Debalkie AtnafuMaha AtoutFloriane AusloosMarcel AusloosBeatriz Paulina Ayala QuintanillaGetinet AyanoMartin Amogre AyanoreSamad AzariGhasem AzarianZelalem Nigussie AzeneAlaa BadawiAshish BadiyeMohammad Amin BahramiMohammad Hossein BakhshaeiAhad BakhtiariShankar M BakkannavarAlberto BaldasseroniKylie BallShoshana H. BallewDaniela BalziMaciej BanachSrikanta BanerjeeAgegnehu BanteAdhanom Gebreegziabher BarakiSuzanne Barker‐ColloTill BärnighausenLope H. BarreroCeline M BarthelemyLingkan BaruaSanjay BasuBernhard T. BauneMohsen BayatiJacob S. BeckerNeeraj BediEttore BeghiYannick BéjotMichellr L BellFiona B BennittIsabela M. BenseñorKidanemaryam BerheAdam E. BermanAkshaya Srikanth BhagavathulaBhageerathy ReshmiNeeraj BhalaDinesh BhandariKrittika BhattacharyyaZulfiqar A BhuttaAli BijaniBoris BikbovMuhammad Shahdaat Bin SayeedAntonio BiondiBinyam Minuye BirhaneCatherine BisignanoRaaj Kishore BiswasHelen BitewSomayeh BohlouliMehdi BohluliAlexandra S Boon-DooleyGuilherme BorgesAntonio Maria BorzìShiva BorzoueiCristina BosettiSoufiane BoufousDejana BraithwaiteNicholas J. K. BreitbordeSusanne BreitnerHermann BrennerPaul Svitil BriantAndrey BrikoН. И. БрикоGabrielle B. BrittonDana BryazkaBlair R BumgarnerKatrin BurkartRichard T. 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ТитоваHamid Reza TohidinikMarcello TonelliRoman Topór-MądryFotis TopouzisAnna E TorreMathilde TouvierMarcos Roberto Roberto Tovani-PaloneBach Xuan TranRavensara S. TravillianAristidis TsatsakisLorainne Tudor CarStefanos TyrovolasRiaz UddinChukwuma David UmeokonkwoBhaskaran UnnikrishnanEra UpadhyayMarco VacantePascual ValdézAaron van DonkelaarTommi VasankariYasser VasseghianYousef VeisaniNarayanaswamy VenketasubramanianFrancesco Saverio ViolanteVasily VlassovDan J. SteinTheo VosRade VukovićYasir WaheedMitchell T. WallinYafeng WangYuan‐Pang WangStefanie WatsonJingkai WeiMelissa Y. WeiRobert G WeintraubJordan WeissAndrea WerdeckerJ. Jason WestRonny WestermanJoanna L WhisnantHarvey WhitefordKirsten E. WiensCharles WolfeSarah S WozniakAimin WuJunjie WuSarah Wulf HansonGelin XuRixing XuSimon YadgirSeyed Hossein Yahyazadeh JabbariKazumasa YamagishiMousa YaminfiroozYuichiro YanoSanni YayaVahid Yazdi‐FeyzabadiTomas YeheyisChristopher Sabo YilgwanMekdes Tigistu YilmaPaul YipNaohiro YonemotoMustafa Z YounisTheodore Patrick YounkerBahman YousefiZabihollah YousefiTaraneh YousefinezhadiAbdilahi YousufChuanhua YuHasan YusefzadehTelma Zahirian MoghadamMohammad Reza ZamaniMaryam ZamanianHamed ZandianМихаил Сергеевич ЗастрожинYunquan ZhangZhi-Jiang ZhangJeff T ZhaoXiu‐Ju ZhaoYingxi ZhaoMaigeng ZhouArash ZiapourStephanie R M ZimsenMichael BräuerAshkan AfshinStephen S Lim

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Abstract

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Climate Change and Health Impacts Nutritional Studies and Diet Health, Environment, Cognitive AgingMedicineEnvironmental healthRelative riskBurden of diseaseRisk assessmentPublic healthRisk factorYears of potential life lostSystematic reviewMeta-analysis

MeSH terms

Global Burden of DiseaseHealth Risk BehaviorsEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansHyperglycemiaHypertensionLife ExpectancyMaleMortalityRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsGlobal HealthBody Mass IndexSubstance-Related Disorders