Optimization of fermentation parameters conditions for xanthan production and standardization of product recovery process

Abstract

Xanthan gum is an industrially important biopolymer synthesized by Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas. Its distinctive rheological and stabilizing properties make it widely applicable in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, petroleum, and agricultural industries. The high cost of fermentation media has been a persistent bottleneck in its large-scale production. This study focuses on optimizing fermentation conditions, evaluating refined and agro-waste substrates as carbon and nitrogen sources, and standardizing recovery processes for xanthan gum. The optimal conditions were identified as pH 7, temperature 30 °C, and agitation at 300 rpm. Sucrose (40 g/L) and molasses (150 g/L) were the most effective carbon sources, while ammonium sulphate (1.5 g/L) and soymeal provided the best nitrogen support. Isopropyl alcohol (3:1 v/v) achieved maximum recovery yields. Scale-up studies in a bioreactor validated the optimized parameters and demonstrated the feasibility of cost-effective xanthan gum production.