Physicochemical characterization and quality assessment of honey from Bastar division, Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract

This study evaluated the physicochemical properties of 18 honey samples from traditional and movable hives across Bastar, Sukma, Dantewada, and Bijapur districts in Bastar Division, India, alongside market samples. Parameters including moisture, total reducing sugars, sucrose, water-insoluble solids, free acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), fructose:glucose ratio, specific gravity, fructose, glucose, and proline were analyzed and compared against Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), European Union (EU), and Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia (QSAE) standards. The mean moisture content (23.59%) exceeded FSSAI (fi20%) and CAC/EU (< 0.05). Sucrose levels (mean: 1.92%) complied with FSSAI, CAC, and EU limits (fi5%), though 28% exceeded CAC/EU thresholds, suggesting botanical influences. Water-insoluble solids (mean: 0.09%) were generally within limits (fi0.1%), except for one traditional hive sample, reflecting handling issues. Free acidity (mean: 0.18%) and HMF (mean: 65.74 mg/kg) indicated freshness and compliance with FSSAI standards (fi0.20% and fi80 mg/kg, respectively). No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between hive types or districts for most parameters. Fiehe’s test suggested minimal adulteration. These findings confirm the high quality of Bastar Division honey, with recommendations for improved traditional hive handling to enhance export potential.