Vocational training needs of tribal women for self-reliance

Introduction

Vocational education and training are an important drive to address poverty reduction by improving employability, productivity, and helping sustainable development and inclusive growth for women empowerment. It facilitates a cycle of high productivity, increased employment opportunities, income growth and development. On the other hand, from a development perspective, investing in the education and training of females has the highest rate of return of any possible investment in developing countries; educated mothers having fewer children invest more in the health & education of each child thereby raising the productivity of future generations, increasing their income, and generating sustainable growth. Training needs of the tribal women refers to one's need for gaining knowledge and skills on different aspects for self-reliance. Effective training programs designed for tribal people in carrying out their income generating assets for better livelihood will go a long way in their required daily expenditure. Hence, it is necessary to have a complete understanding of the needs of the tribal people before launching training programme. Need based training programme acts as a catalyst for increasing the motivational level of trainees who in turn try to put their sincere efforts to learn and gain maximum from training programme. It can thus be assumed that training need identification acts as a foundation pillar of training and helps in prioritizing the training areas for groups of trainees. Considering these facts present study was conducted with the objective to assess Vocational training needs of tribal women for self-reliance in Dahod district. Weighted Score ranged from 1 to 6.

Results and Discussion

Profile of tribal farm women

With a view to analyzing the important characteristics in relation to socio economic status of the tribal women, various personal, socio-economic and situational characteristics of the respondents viz. age, family type and size, education, social participation, land holding, annual income, types of house, occupation, mass media exposure, Extension contact, number of animal, farming experience were included in this study. In this investigation, these characteristics have been studied, and results are presented as below. More than two third tribal women were lived in joint family.

Size of the family: More than half of the tribal women have large size of family members i.e. above 8 members followed by medium size of family members i.e. in between 6 to 8 members and small size of family members i.e. up to 5 members. Education:

More than two third tribal women have secondary to higher secondary level of education.

Social Participation:

Nearly three forth of tribal women have membership in one organization followed by 27.00 per cent of tribal women have no membership in any organization. Land holding:

Majority of tribal women have marginal size of land holding followed by small size of land holding.

Annual Income: Nearly half of the tribal women had Rs. 75,001/-to Rs. 1,00,000/-annual income followed by 41.00 per cent tribal farm women had Rs. 50,001/-to Rs. 75,000/-annual income. Type of house:

Majority of tribal farm women have mix type of houses.

Occupation: More than two third tribal farm women have agriculture with animal husbandry as main occupation followed by nearly one third tribal farm women have Agriculture + Labor work + Animal husbandry as main occupation. Mass media exposure:

Majority of tribal women were didn't Exposure of mass media (Agriculture and allied activity) followed by 24.00 per cent, 09.00 per cent and 07.67 per cent exposure by Mobile phone, T.V and newspaper respectively.

Extension contacts:

Nearly two third tribal women were extension contact with livestock inspector followed by 35.34 per cent extension contact with Gram.

Number of Animal:

More than two third tribal farm women have Up to 7 no. of animal followed by 26.34 per cent have 7 to 15 no. of animal and 05.33 per cent tribal women had above 15 no. of animal. Farming experience:

Majority of tribal women have more up to 10 years' experience under agriculture and allied activates.

Training needs of tribal women about vocational programmes

The major training needs components identified for the study were additional revenue generation, making value added product and advance aspect of agricultural and allied sector etc. Training needs of the farmers are presented in the form of weighted scores in Tables 2 to 5. Weighted Scores in the range of 1 -3 were ranked within each discipline. Data presented in Table 7 shows that suggestion given by tribal women to overcome the constraints were, awareness campaigns should be carried out in society about the importance vocational education, offered frequently short duration vocational training programme, provide adequate loan facility on timely, Parents and teachers should encourage students to develop a positive attitude towards vocational programme, Create job opportunity for tribal women and Frequent contact between officials were ranked first to sixth respectively.

Conclusion

References

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