Performance of different insecticides against Chilo partellus infestation under field conditions

Introduction

Trailing wheat, rice, maize and barley in terms of production and cultivated area, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a significant cereal crop in the globe (Ahmed et al., 2000) [1] . The crop is highly prized for its ability to withstand drought, use water efficiently, adapt to marginal habitats, and produce a lot of biomasses, which makes it deal for sub-Saharan Africa's semi-arid regions (Wortmann et al., 2009; Ogbaga et al., 2014) [19,12] . Sorghum is the second most important cereal in Uganda, after maize, and it plays a significant role in the production of food and animal feed (Wortmann et al., 2009) [19] . Because its stalks, leaves and grains can be used to produce liquid fuels like bioethanol and bio-oil, gaseous fuels like biohydrogen, biogas and syngas and solid products like biochar, sorghum has significant potential as a bioenergy crop in addition to its use as a food and fodder crop (Stamenkovic et al., 2020) [17] . Its economic significance and variety of uses as a C 4 crop are further enhanced by the widespread use of its biomass as animal feed (Ahmed et al., 2000; Xin et al., 2021) [1,20] . Sorghum productivity is limited by a number of biotic and abiotic stressors that can result in significant yield losses despite its versatility and numerous applications (Perumal et al., 2018; Fakrudin et al., 2021) [13,4] . Pest infestations and plant diseases are two of the most significant biotic limitations because they can negatively impact crop production and development at various stages. Sorghum is infested by a number of insect pests, including as shoot fly, stem borer, fall armyworm, aphids, ear head bugs etc. Because their larvae burrow into the stem and eat internally, damaging vascular tissues and weakening the plant, stem borers are regarded as serious pests. While an attack during the reproductive stage might result in panicle damage, poor grain growth and decreased grain yield, and infestation during the vegetative stage may provide typical signs like shot holes and dead hearts (van Rensburg and Flett 2010; Mula et al. 2011) [18,10] .

Materials and Methods

A sorghum genotype N-15 was sown in a plot size of 2.7 m x 3 m with a spacing of 45 cm x 15 cm. A total of ten treatments (Table 1) were duplicated thrice each. The spraying was done with the help of lever operated knapsack sprayer. Total two sprays were given for the management of spotted stem borer. Spraying was initiated at 45 DAE. The second spray was applied 15 days after first spray. Observations were taken at one day before spraying and 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying. The incidence of spotted stem borer (per cent dead hearts) was assessed on ten randomly selected plants in the plot at each observation interval. Treatment Details Dose (ml or g/ha) T1 Chlorantraniliprole18.5% SC @ 30 a.i/ha 150 ml T2 Quinalphos 25% EC @ 325 a.i/ha 1300 ml T3 Carbofuran3%CG @ 250 a.i/ha 8000 g T4 Chlorpyrifos20%EC @ 250 a.i/ha 1250 ml T5 Phosalone35%EC @ 400 a.i/ha 1000 g T6 Acephate75%SP @ 500 a.i/ha 500 g T7 Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 20 a.i/ha 125 ml T8 Flonicamid 50% WG @ 75 a.i/ha 150 g T9 Flubendiamide 20% WG @ 25 a.i/ha 125 g T10 Control -

Results and Discussion

The [7] , who showed that Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC was efficient when compared to Chlorpyrifos 20 EC and Imidacloprid 75 FS. Devananda et al. (2018) [3] and Kumar and Jindal, 2015 [9] , reported that the Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC was best in reducing spotted stem borer damage. The next best treatment is Flubendiamide 20% WG followed by Carbofuran 3% CG. The present investigation is coherent with Ramesh et al.

(2023), who revealed that Flubendiamide 20% WG and Carbofuran 3% CG was efficient against C. partellus. In the same way, Kumar and Alam (2017) [8] , who noted that the Flubendiamide 480 SC and Carbofuran 3% CG was effectively by recording minimum damage caused by stem borer in maize. The results are in line with studies made by Bhaskar (2022) [2] , concluded that Flubendiamide 39.35 SC and Flonicamid 50 WG was superior to other insecticides. In addition, Kumar et al., 2017 [8] and Sohail et al., 2003 [16] , who found that Carbofuran 3% CG was best against spotted stem borer. Similar results found by Jindal et al., 2017 [5] ; Roopika et al., 2020 [15] ; Munjaji, 2020 [11] and Rani et al., 2018 [14] .

Declaration

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Acknowledgement

AcknowledgementsI express our sincere thanks to Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior for providing necessary constructive help and other technical inputs during the course of experimentation.

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