Climate variability, livelihood diversification, and migration patterns: An integrated analysis of Bundelkhand region, India

Abstract

Climate variability has emerged as a major driver of rural livelihood instability in semi-arid regions of India. This study analyzes the relationship between climate variability, livelihood diversification, and migration patterns in the Bundelkhand region. Using secondary data from national and international sources, the study applies a regression-based analytical framework to assess the determinants of migration. The findings reveal that rainfall variability and declining agricultural productivity significantly increase migration, while livelihood diversification and institutional support reduce migration pressure. The study emphasizes the importance of climate-resilient agriculture, rural employment generation, and policy integration to ensure sustainable development.