A comprehensive study of the classical school of criminology

Abstract

Present study was conducted in the Western Maharashtra region of Maharashtra State. The research study was carried out on ‘Impact of Krishi Vigyan Kendras on Farm Economy In Western Maharashtra’. Multistage sampling design was carried out to fulfill the research needs in which region Western Maharashtra was purposively selected for this study as this region was having more number of KVKs (12) as compared to other regions of Maharashtra (Source. https://kvk.icar.gov.in/aboutkvk.aspx). During analysis various economical aspects of KVK were studied like organizational structure, different activities carried out, economical impact on beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers, technology adoption index, various factors affecting on technology adoption through KVK, different constraints faced by KVK/KVK staff. The distribution of manpower across the selected sample KVKs showed notable variation in terms of scientific, technical, and support staff. The number of Subject Matter Specialists (SMSs) including the Senior Scientist-cum-Head, ranged from 4 at Sangli KVK to 7 at Pune and Solapur KVKs, indicating differences in technical staff strength among the centres. Staffing for Programme Assistants, Computer Programmers, Farm Managers, Office Superintendents, and Stenographers was uniform across all KVKs, with one person assigned to each role per centre. The number of Drivers varied slightly, with Sangli KVK having only 1, while most other KVKs have 2. The supporting and facilitative staff showed greater variability, with Pune KVK having the highest number (15) and Sangli KVK the lowest (6), reflecting differences in operational and logistical support. In regards with the land use pattern, KVKs in Western Maharashtra displayed varied priorities in land use, reflecting their specific agricultural goals and the needs of the regions to which they serve. Area occupied by KVKs showed that KVK land ranges from 20 to 24 hectares, mostly matching ICAR norms (~20 ha). And its utilization varied, some focused more on crops (Ahilyanagar), others on horticulture (Kolhapur, Solapur), some balanced area with multiple activities (Pune).