Non surgical management of uterine torsion in two Goats

Introduction

Goat took place of cow for their poor owners in terms of providing them milk, meat, hairs, leather, cashmere and more importantly livelihood (Alford, 2008) [1] . Goat rearing is the back bone of the economy of marginal and landless farmers. It is considered as a low investment business with high liquidity i.e. considerable cash flow. As per national Bureau of Animal Genetics Resources there are 43 breeds of goat in India. Goat is very fertile species with conception rate reaching about ninty percent (Peaker, 1978) [9] . During the long gestational length of approximately 142 to 150 days several obstetrical problems may be observed, out of which dytocia is one of the most common problem. Its origin may be fetal (40.17%) or maternal (59.82%) origin but can lead to death of either or both (Purohit, 2006) [10] . Although uterine torsion is not as common in goats (1.8 to 2%) as in cattle and buffaloes but it can lead to fetal mortality and can cause reproductive damages to the affected dam (Gupta et al., 2020 and Schonfelder et al., 2005) [6,13] . Uterine torsion is twisting of the uterus on its longitudinal axis (Noakes et al., 2019) [7] .

History and Diagnosis

Two multiparus goats were presented to HPVK, Mahendragarh (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar) with history of anorexia and straining for parturition. Goat 1 (G1) was 5 years old and Goat 2 (G2) was 7 years old. G1 was straining for last 24 hours whereas G2 was straining for more than 48 hours. The owners were not certain about their gestation length. The animals were having no discharge but straining severely. On vaginal examination not even one finger can be passed through the vaginal torsion folds and no fetal part can be palpated. It was confirmed as right sided post cervical torsion.

Treatment

It was decided to detort the uterus using modified schaffer's method. A light weight wooden plank of about seven inches wide, one inch thick and five feet long was arranged. The animals were restrained in right lateral recumbency. The wooden plank was kept over the left flank after applying liquid paraffin as lubricant. With a quick and sustained force the animals were rotated clockwise twice in G1 and Four times in G2. Relaxation of the torsion was assessed manually and as the allantoic sac and uterine fluid started flowing. G1 delivered two live fetuses and G2 delivered one dead fetus with little manual manipulation. The animals were left for relaxing and fluid therapy started (Inj. Normal saline solution 1 lit., Inj. DNS 1 Lit. and Inj. Metrogyl-100 ml intravenously) along with other medications (Inj. Ceftiofur @

Discussion

Uterine torsion is rae in occurrence in goats due to sublumbar attachment of mesometrium rather than mesoilliac as in cattle and also the pregnancy is mostly bicornual (Roberts, 1986) [12] . Gupta et al., 2020 [6] for goat and Balasopoulou et al., 2022 [2] for sheep reported that there is significantly higher incidence of torsion in uniparous as compared to multiparous animals. However, this study lack sufficient data to conclude but G1 being multiparou also suffered from torsion which was relieved easily. The non surgical treatment of choice for uterine torsion is rolling the animal after stabilizing the uterus externally by wooden plank called modified schaffer's method (Raja et al., 2013) [11] and caesarian as a surgical approach (Bansod and Srivastava, 1991) [3] . In present cases non surgical approach give fruitful results. pluriparus goats were found to be more commonly affected as compared to primiparous which is in consonance with our findings as reported by Sudha, 2019 [14] , Bhattacharya et al., 2015 [5] , Patel, 2019 [8] and Baria et al., 2023 [4] . Goat rearing in India is practiced mainly in the arid and semiarid regions like Rajasthan, Gujrat, Punjab and Haryana. In Haryana district Mahendragarh (45967) is at second position in goat rearing after Sirsa (47, 609) as per 20 th livestock census (https://pashudhanharyana.gov.in/livestock-census-0). It forms the economic back bone of farmers of arid and semi arid regions. Therefore, it is of immense importance that these animals not suffer from reproductive diseases and disorders. It can be concluded that timely reporting of case and availability of facility may ensure the sustainability of goat farming supporting farmers economy.

Acknowledgement

International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research https://www.biochemjournal.com

References

1. Alford C. Meat goat production in Georgia. Cooperative Extension Service, The University of Georgia College of Agriculture; 2008.
2. Balasopoulou V, Zablotski Y, Zerbe H, Voigt K. Retrospective analysis of 302 ovine dystocia cases presented to a veterinary hospital with particular attention to uterine torsion. Vet Med Sci. 2022;8(4):1683-1693.
3. Bansod RS, Srivastava AK. Uterine torsion in a goat. Indian J Anim Reprod. 1991;12(1):106-107.
4. Baria VR, Chauhan PM, Suthar BN, Patel RM, Prajapati AS. Retrospective analysis of clinical attributes related to uterine torsion in goats. Ind J Vet Sci Biotech. 2023;19(2):23-27.
5. Bhattacharyya HK, Bhat FA, Buchoo BA. Prevalence of dystocia in sheep and goats: A study of 70 cases (2004-2011). J Adv Vet Res. 2015;5(1):14-20.
6. Gupta C, Murugan M, Ganesan A, Ramprabhu R, Kumar SS. A retrospective study on dystocia and its management in goats. Indian J Small Rumin. 2020;26(1):75-78.
7. Noakes DE, Parkinson TJ, England GCW. Veterinary reproduction and obstetrics. 10th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2019. p. 237-238, 243.
8. Sardarkrushinagar: Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University; 2019.
9. Peaker M. Gestation period and litter size in the goat. Br Vet J. 1978;134(4):379-383.
10. Purohit GN. Dystocia in the sheep and goat: A review. Indian J Small Rumin. 2006;12(1):1-12.
11. Raja S, Balasubramanian S, Sathiamoorthy T, Manokaran S. Successful non-surgical correction method for uterine torsion in goats. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol. 2013;9(1):71-72.
12. Roberts SJ. Veterinary obstetrics and genital diseases. 3rd ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers; 1986. p. 231.
13. Schonfelder A, Richter A, Sobiraj A. Stages of surgically incorrectable uterine torsion of cows: Associations with clinical progress. Tierarztl Umschau. 2005;60(4):199-205.
14. Sudha CM. Significance of sonography and haematobiochemistry in the diagnosis and prognosis of uterine torsion in does [MVSc thesis]. Thrissur: College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy; 2019.