Regenerative fruit production systems for carbon-smart orchards

Abstract

Regenerative orchard agriculture combines agroecological practices to enhance soil health, biodiversity and resource efficiency, with a focus on carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation. This comprehensive report synthesizes current research and case studies on carbon-smart fruit production systems. It covers historical developments and key figures in organic/regenerative farming, then details approaches such as cover cropping, composting, reduced tillage, agroforestry, precision water and nutrient management, integrated pest management and biodiversity enhancement. For each practice, ecological outcomes (soil organic matter, water retention, nutrient cycling, pest regulation, pollination, carbon uptake) and management requirements are examined. Carbon accounting methods and sequestration potentials are discussed, with estimates of carbon storage per hectare for various practices. A life-cycle perspective on greenhouse gas sources (fuel, inputs, soil N₂O) and mitigation strategies is included. Economic analysis compares input costs, labor demands, yields and revenue potential (including carbon markets) across orchard scales.