Studies on green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) cultivars for yield and yield contributing characters under rainfed condition

Among the pulses green gram considered as most important pulse crop. In India, Maharashtra is one of the leading pulses growing crop. In this study three green gram genotypes were used viz., BM-2003-02 collected from VNMKV, Parbhani, AJIT-11 from local market of Kandhar and Farmers Variety from local farmer of Bahaddarpura, Tq. Kandhar, Dist. Nanded. The present investigation was carried out at experimental farm of Kandhar tahsil during June-2024. This estimated statistical evaluation recorded significant difference among the treatments. All characters viz., Germination (%), Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm), Number of pods per plant, Number of pods per plot, 100-seed weight (g), Pod length (cm), Pod length (cm), Number of grains per pod, Number of branches per plant, Seed yield per plant (g) and Seed yield per plot (g). Studied all characters were found significant at both 5 and 1 percent except characters viz., Germination (%), Days to maturity and Seed yield per plant (g). Investigation reported that BM-2003-02 cultivar is performed superior in germination, day to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, pod per plant, pod per plot, pod length, pod girth, number of branches per plant, seed yield per plant and seed yield per plot. Farmers variety were found superior in plant height and 100 seed weight.

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Experimental SetupClose ×

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GER: BM-2003-02 vs Ajit-11 vs Farmer varietyClose ×

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PHT: BM-2003-02 vs Ajit-11 vs Farmer varietyClose ×

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Introduction

A member of the Leguminaceae family, green gram originated in India and is primarily cultivated in South-East Asia. Botanically, green gram is characterized by its trifoliate compound leaves, this species exhibits a growth form that can be either erect or climbing, depending on the cultivar. This legume has reportedly been grown for more than 4,000 years in Asia, where it was first introduced for both agricultural and culinary purposes, according to archaeological and genetic data. Green Gram was an essential part of traditional agricultural practices and a main source of ancient Indian diets, according to historical records. The crop has high nutritional value. In the sense of adaptability of this crop green gram is widely cultivated in different agro-climatic zones of India. Among the pulses green gram is a highly nutritional source of protein, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin. Green gram is the richest source of proteins. Green gram contains 22 to 26% protein. Green gram plant contains near about 50 to 56% carbohydrate and it is also the richest source of minerals, their percentage being 4%. In this crop 2.5 to 3% vitamins are contained. In this crop near about more than three times greater protein contain than the other pulses crop. Comprehensive research was conducted in experimental farm of Kandhar tahsil.

Materials and Methods

In this study, experiment was conducted at the research farm of Kandhar tehsil during the kharif 2024. BM-2002-3, Farmers variety, and Ajeet-11 genotypes were used. The experiment was conducted in the RBD design. The experimental field was prepared, ridges and furrows were made with a wooden plough. Plot size was 5 x 2.25 M. The method of sowing was hand dibbling. All agronomical package of practices of green gram followed during growing season. [11] .

The character is days took by variety to come for fifty percent flowering. [14] .

The maturity of green gram varieties was recorded in days at the time of physiological maturity. This study recorded that coefficient of variation (CV) was 1.95%, SE (m) was 0.70 and critical difference (CD) at the 5% was recorded to be 2.77. Similar result reported by Chauhan and Williams (2018) [14] . [4] and Asari, et al. (2019) [1] .

Number of Pods per Plant (Numbers)

The analysed data of number of pods per plant was mentioned in table no. [8] and Prasanna, et al. (2013) [7] . [8] and Prasanna, et al. (2013) [7] .

Number of

Number of

The 100 seed weight measured in gram was ranged from 5.48 gram to max 6.48 gram. Farmer variety (6.48 g) grain was heavy in weight than the Ajit-11 (6.37 g), and BM-2003-02 (5.48 g). Across cultivated variety grain of BM-2003-02 (5.48 g) variety was lighter in weight. This study showed that two varieties viz., Farmer variety (6.48 g) and Ajit-11 (6.37 g) were outstanding over average mean 6.11. For 100 seed weight CV, SE and CD was 1.58, 0.06 and 0.22, respectively. Study agreed with Rao, et al.

Length of pods ranged from minimum 10.91 cm to max [8] .

Pod girth is diameter of pod and it is considered as important yield contributing character in green gram crop. Value for pod girth was ranged from [4] . [5] , Rao, et al. (2006) [8] , Tabasum, et al. (2010) [10] , Prasanna, et al. (2013) [7] , Muzibul, et al. (2014) [4] and Kate, et al. (2017) [3] . [2] and Shingade et al.

12. Yield per Plot (g) Yield per plot was ranged from [8] , Prasanna, et al. (2013) [7] , Jain et al. (2024) [2] and Shingade et al. (2025) [9] .

Conclusion

In the present investigation BM-2003-02 performed superior in germination, day to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pod per plant, pod per plot, pod length, pod girth, number of branches per plant, seed yield per plant and seed yield per plot. Farmers variety were found superior in plant height and 100 seed weight. BM-2003-02 and Farmers variety were the best performers in rainfed condition.

Figures and tables from the paper

Source	DF	GER	D50F	DM	PHT	PODP	PODPLOT	100WT	PL	PG	NBPP	YPP	YPPLOT
Replication	2	0.448	1.976	2.074	0.378	0.164	150.126	0.03	0.04	0	0.016	0.239	477.778
Treatments	2	10.271*	9.284**	11.16*	10.05**	240.583**	33417.056**	0.908**	2.674**	0.008**	2.632**	3.036*	55295.534**
Error	4	1.449	0.511	1.489	0.315	2.489	683.113	0.009	0.036	0	0.007	0.343	472.928

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Analysis of variance for different characters over three varieties of Green Gram.

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Treatment	GER	D50F	DM	PHT	PODP	PODPLOT	100WT	PL	PG	NBPP	YPP	YPPLOT
BM-2003-02	93.30	30.56	60.43	61.89	57.74	1,314.22	5.48	12.77	2.09	19.11	29.58	1,351.67
Ajit-11	91.03	31.47	62.83	62.96	43.97	1,149.89	6.37	11.54	1.98	17.24	28.50	1,088.00
Farmer variety	89.63	33.96	64.25	65.45	40.94	1,117.33	6.48	10.91	2.03	18.19	27.57	1,163.67
Mean	91.32	32.00	62.50	63.43	47.55	1,193.81	6.11	11.74	2.03	18.18	28.55	1,201.11
CV (%)	1.32	2.23	1.95	0.88	3.32	2.19	1.58	1.61	0.59	0.47	2.05	1.81
SE (m)	0.70	0.41	0.70	0.32	0.91	15.09	0.06	0.11	0.01	0.05	0.34	12.56
CD @5%	2.73	1.62	2.77	1.27	3.58	59.25	0.22	0.43	0.03	0.19	1.33	49.30
CD @1%	4.53	2.69	4.59	2.11	5.93	98.25	0.36	0.71	0.05	0.32	2.20	81.75

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Table 2Close ×

Mean performance of variety for different characters in green gram.

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