TIE in ESF for treatment of humerus fracture in rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Abstract

A 4-year-old rooster presented with history of trauma leading to fracture of the left wing. Radiography confirmed a simple complete transverse overriding proximal diaphyseal fracture of the left humerus. Due to the anatomical challenges and high muscular activity in avian humerus, a Tie-in External Skeletal Fixation (ESF) technique was adopted. The fixation incorporated a K-wire of size 2 mm tied in with a Type I-a external frame. The procedure resulted in satisfactory bone alignment and functional recovery. This report demonstrates the efficacy of the tie-in ESF technique for managing long bone fractures in birds, particularly in high-motion bone like the humerus.