Acne vulgaris: A review

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin illness that affects adults and teenagers worldwide. It frequently results in mental and social repercussions in addition to apparent skin signs. Cutibacterium acnes overgrowth, aberrant skin cell shedding inside hair follicles, excessive sebum production, and an inflammatory immune response are some of the interrelated biological mechanisms that contribute to the development of the illness. Mental health, confidence, and social connections can all be adversely affected by acne, which can manifest in a variety of ways, from minor blackheads and whiteheads to excruciating cystic lesions that may leave lasting scars. Even though topical and oral drugs, physical therapies, and multimodal therapies are among the available treatments, problems including antibiotic resistance, side effects, and inconsistent patient response still present difficulties. However, there is hope for more efficient, secure, and long-lasting treatments thanks to recent developments in precision therapeutics, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, microbiome-targeted techniques, and personalized treatment. The development of better therapeutic approaches targeted at improving treatment outcomes and the general quality of life for people with acne vulgaris is supported by research that keeps expanding our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of acne.