Population dynamics and bio-rational management of key pests in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in the Bundelkhand region

Abstract

The present investigation on "Seasonal fluctuation in population of major insect-pests of Okra in Bundelkhand region" was conducted during the Kharif season of 2024-25 at the Organic Research Farm Kargua Ji, Department of Entomology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.). The study aimed to document the seasonal incidence of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) was recorded. Whitefly population peaked at 8.09 individuals per leaf during the 42nd SMW (October 15-21), while shoot and fruit borer attained its maximum population of 5.40 larvae per plant during the 41stSMW. Both pest populations exhibited a declining trend towards crop maturity. Correlation analysis revealed that maximum and minimum temperatures showed a significant negative correlation with the incidence of both whitefly and fruit borer increased pest populations under cooler conditions. Relative humidity morning and evening exhibited a significant positive correlation with both pests. The findings provide crucial insights into the peak activity periods of major okra pests under the semi-arid conditions of Bundelkhand, which can aid in developing timely and effective pest management strategies. The bio-efficacy of different biopesticides was evaluated over two spray cycles, with the second spray showing improved efficacy, particularly for T8 (Neem oil). The cost-benefit analysis showed the highest net returns and C:B ratio for Beauveria bassiana and Neem oil.