Partial Fetotomy for Resolution of Dystocia in a Free-Ranging Hog Deer (Axis porcinus) with Bilateral Shoulder Flexion

Abstract

Dystocia is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in domestic and wild ruminants, with fetal malposture being a major contributing factor in cervids. This report describes the clinical management of dystocia due to bilateral shoulder flexion in a full-term free-ranging hog deer (Axis porcinus). A 34 kg doe was presented with prolonged labor and protrusion of the fetal head. Clinical examination confirmed anterior longitudinal presentation, dorsosacral position, and bilateral flexion of the forelimbs. Absence of fetal reflexes and movement established fetal death prior to intervention. As manual mutation was not feasible due to impaction and limited pelvic space, partial fetotomy was performed under epidural anesthesia. Decapitation of the fetal head followed by sequential forelimb extension allowed controlled vaginal delivery of the dead fawn. Supportive therapy and post-procedural care were administered for three days. No intraoperative complications or postpartum disorders were observed, and the dam recovered uneventfully. This case demonstrates that partial fetotomy can be effectively adapted for managing obstructive dystocia in cervids when timely diagnosis and appropriate obstetrical techniques are applied.