Contemplating Tadabeer-e-Mashaikh in the ageing population with special reference to quality of life

Abstract

The last stage of life is an integral and natural process of physical, psychological, and social changes in multidimensional aspects, in which there is a gradual, progressive, and generalised impairment of functions that occurs due to diminished Hararat-e-ghariziya (innate heat) by various internal and external causes, resulting in increased risk of age-related diseases. The leading causes of morbidity among this group are chronic inflammatory and degenerative conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, osteoporosis, depression, psychiatric disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, and age-related urinary problems. Unani scholars have discussed different stages of life separately, i.e., Sinn-e-Numu, Sinn-e-Waqoof, Sinn-e-Kuhulat, and Sinn-e-Shaikhukhat, which have their own specific Mizaj and Kaifiyat according to their age. When Mizaj deviates from the normal to an abnormal path, it causes chronic changes in their ages. In this, diminished (ratoobat-e-ghareeziya and hararat-e- ghareeziya) advocate the process of ageing. The Unani system of medicine provides preventive, curative, and rehabilitative health care with a holistic approach. Various Unani literature has comprehensive explanations of geriatric care, which is mentioned under the heading of Tadabeer-e-Mashaikh (regimens to keep the elderly persons healthy). Unani physicians described different types of regimes (tadabeer) for the care of mashaikh (i.e. Riyazat, Dalk, and ilaj bil Ghiza) and management through (Plant, Mineral, and animal origin drugs), which delayed the process of ageing. They also believe that different types of food should be given to mashaikh, but the quantity and quality of the diet should be according to their digestive capacity. Frequent meals, but small in quantity, are recommended. Use of zood hazm and Jayyi dul kaimoos ghiza, eating food with proper mastication, and avoiding sharp and sour-tasting food items can also be helpful in geriatric care.