CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing for enhanced disease resistance in brassica species: A review

Abstract

Can precision gene editing revolutionize disease management in cruciferous crops? CRISPR-Cas9 technology has emerged as a transformative tool for developing disease-resistant crop varieties with unprecedented precision and efficiency. This review comprehensively examines applications of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for enhancing disease resistance in Brassica species, encompassing oilseed crops (B. napus, B. juncea), vegetables (B. oleracea, B. rapa), and model systems. Analysis of 418 peer-reviewed publications reveals exponential growth in CRISPR-Brassica research, with disease resistance representing 34% of all editing applications. Successful resistance improvements ranging from 44% to 78% have been achieved against major pathogens including clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans), Sclerotinia stem rot, downy mildew, and Alternaria blight. Key target genes identified include susceptibility factors (S genes) whose knockout confers broad-spectrum resistance. Challenges including regulatory frameworks, off-target effects, and public acceptance are discussed alongside future perspectives for integrating CRISPR technology into Brassica breeding programs.