3D printing and CAE analysis of spraying nozzles for different orifice sizes

Introduction

The level of automation in contemporary agricultural equipment is rising. The field of farm machinery research now has a favorable opportunity to use soft skills in the design of farm machinery in general and precision equipment in particular because to recent developments in computational and system engineering. It is essential to advance with technological advancements and reduce the cost and time incurred in the design and testing of farm machinery in order to meet the goal of generating farmer-friendly equipment meant to save costs and time. Due to the variety of the soil, the deformation of the soil, and the varying loads put on the working implement, agricultural machinery operates under a variety of conditions. The standard design processes below frequently don't produce the expected results during the design process. Thus, simulation studies aid in the development of a viable prototype that can function in a variety of settings for sustainable agricultural production by helping to predict the physical and behavioral diversity in real-world systems. In order to forecast how a prototype will perform in the actual world, simulation modeling is the process of building and analyzing a model of the prototype. Designers and engineers utilize simulation modeling to better understand whether, how, and under what circumstances a part could break as well as what stresses it can withstand. Fluid flow and heat transfer patterns can also be predicted with the aid of simulation modeling. It uses simulation software to analyze the rough working conditions [1] . The UN DESA report "World Population Prospects -The 2015 Revision" (UN DESA, 2015) predicts that the present global population of 7.3 billion people will increase to 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and 11.2 billion by 2100. There is no doubt that one of the most important requirements for producing enough food on the existing available agricultural area is the use of well-designed machinery and high-tech aided mechanization. Advanced computer-aided design (CAD) and engineering (CAE) applications are especially necessary for the manufacturing processes in the agricultural engineering sector [2] . Design and analysis are consisting of preprocessing, solution, post processing; the use of computer software for performance in order to improve product designs or assist in the resolution of engineering problems for a wide range of industries. techniques used to achieve it, with which the effects of variables on the drift and dispersion can be studied in isolation. Nowadays, as the finite element analysis method, CFD has become a robust design tool in agriculture application [3] . The proposed method of research introduces systematic procedural steps for entering in to design, fabrication and performance validation to finalize the final mass production of spraying nozzles using software [4] . this stage; clamping adjacent surfaces, creating radius and chamfers, and realizing geometric constraints [5] . The ANSYS fluent Software is used to carry out the Analysis section of the nozzle. Ansys Fluent is widely used to carry out the fluid flow used simulation works. The modeling and analyzing of the nozzle were referred [6] .

Results and Discussion

Rapid prototyping methods were examined and procedures were carried out using the systems available.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Computational Fluid Dynamics is the analysis of fluid flows using numerical solution methods. Using CFD, able to analyze complex problems involving fluid-fluid, fluid-solid or fluid-gas interaction.

CFD analysis steps as following

Rapid Prototyping in 3D Stratasys Printer

Rapid prototyping is the process of rapidly producing a physical part with CAD data [7] . Properties and process parameters of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) filament material were determined as nozzle temperature 225 0 C, Table temperature 90 0 C, ambient temperature 23 0 C, material density 1.2 kg/m 3 , Tensile strength 74 MPa, infill density 50%, printing speed 45 mm/s [8,9] .

Nozzles discharge variation test

Tank was filled with known quantity of water and then pump was operated for one minute. Water volume was collected from all four nozzles in measuring cylinder and determined the total discharge rate and also from each nozzle.

Field trails of selected nozzle N3 form analysis Experimental trails of selected nozzle N3 was conducted in field at nozzle height from ground 500 cm, 750 cm, and 1000 cm. Fig. 7 shows the droplets obtained from different height as 500 cm, 750 cm and 1000 cm from ground level. The overall results of this study very useful for uniform application and to the study of nozzle injectors.

Acknowledgement

AcknowledgementAuthors are thankful to Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of agricultural Engineering and Technology, VNMKV, Parbhani. And also grateful towards NAHEP-CAAST-DFSRDA center, Parbhani, 431402, M.S., India, for technical support for this research work.

References

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