Effects of integrated plant nutrient supply system (IPNS) on growth, yield, and performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally crucial food crop, serving as the staple diet for over half of the world's population. It provides a significant source of calories and protein, particularly in Asia. In India, rice makes up roughly 45% of all food produced and aids in maintaining food sufficiency. It and its derivatives provide 60-70% of the energy needed by over two billion people. In 2022-23, rice is produced on 47.8 million hectares, with a productivity of 2838 kg ha -1 and a production of 135.8 million tonnes, according to the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, DA & FW. With a 5.70 million ha area and a 15.27 million Tonnes rice production, Uttar Pradesh was the greatest state (Anonymous, 2025) [1] . Integrated plant nutrient supply system (IPNS System) sometimes also known as integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS) or integrated nutrient management (INM) is a sustainable approach to crop production that combines various sources of plant nutrients to optimize soil fertility and plant nutrition. According to Yadav and Meena, 2014, combining organic and inorganic fertilizers has been shown to meet crop nutritional needs and maintain large-scale productivity targets. Chicken excrement, or poultry dung, is utilized as a concentrated organic manure. This contains a significant amount of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other micronutrients. The average nutrient content is 3.03% N2, 2.63% P2O5 and 1.4% K2O in this manure. Blue-green algae (BGA), also known as cyanobacteria, are used in rice cultivation as a biofertilizer to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different IPNS treatments on the growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and economics of the Narendra-118 rice variety during the kharif season of 2024-25.

Materials and Methods

The experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm of the Shri Durga Ji Post Graduate College Chandeshwar Azamgarh, (UP). The experimental site is situated, about 08 km away from Azamgarh district head quarter on Azamgarh-Ghazipur road at 2604' N latitude and 83°11' E longitudes and an altitude of 84 meters above mean sea level. The experiment was carried out by using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine different treatments combinations replicated three times. The rice variety Narendra-118 is a highyielding, semi-tall, long-duration rice variety (approximately 145 days) with a reported yield of 5.6 t/ha. Known for its long, slender grains and good responsiveness to nitrogen. It is also reportedly tolerant to submergence and some major diseases and insect pests. This variety is released from Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya as suggested by its name and the reference to a document.

Number of tillers hill -1

At 30 DAT there was less significant difference among the treatments. T 5 (75% RDF + 25% poultry manure) was showing highest number of tillers hill -1 which showed at par with T 2 (100% RDF) and T 3 (75% RDF + 25% FYM). At 60 and 90 DAT, T 5 (75% RDF + 25% Poultry manure) was observed as producing maximum no of tiller hill -1 which showed at par with T 2 (100% RDF). At harvest stage T 5 (75% RDF + 25% Poultry manure) showed highest no of tiller hill -1 which was at par with T 2 (100% RDF) and T 3 (75% RDF + 25% FYM). up to 60 DAT no of tiller hill -1 increased rapidly. From 60 to 90 DAT no of tillers hill -1 was increased slowly and from 90 DAT to at harvest no of tillers hill -1 was decreased. This was might be due to mutual competition among the plants for light, nutrient and other growth inputs resulting in mortality of tillers after flowering. The highest no of tillers hill -1 at flowering stage because of higher availability of nutrients which facilitated proper synchronized tillering. Similar results were found by Devi and Manimaran (2012) [12] .

Dry matter accumulation

The data regarding dry matter accumulation was recorded at 30, 60, 90 DAT and at harvest as affected by various treatments suggest that in in general, dry matter accumulation by plant continued to increase at successive growth stages and the highest dry matter accumulation was recorded at harvest stage. The maximum dry matter accumulation obtained by T 5 treatment at all growth stages i.e., 30 DAT, 60 DAT, 90 DAT and at harvest. The minimum dry matter accumulation was obtained in T 1 (Control) at 30, 60, 90 DAT and at harvest.

Leaf area Index

Data observed for Leaf area index was affected by different treatment recorded at 30, 60, 90 DAT and at harvest have been summarized in Table 4 and depicted in Figure 4. It is evident from the data that LAI increased with the advancement of crop growth up to 90 DAT. The rate of increase was rather slow during initial crop growth period i.e. up to 30 DAT then increase up to 90 DAT and decreases from 90 DAT to at harvest. It is obvious from the data that at 30 DAT various INM practices had less significant effect on LAI while at rest of the stage LAI was affected significantly due to different INM practices.

Yield attributing Characters

The yield attributes of the rice depend upon the various yield attributes like panicle length (cm), panicle weight (g), numbers of grains panicle -1 , grains weight panicle -1 and test weight (g) have been summarized in Table 5 and depicted in Figure 5. The scrutiny of data of yield attributes clearly reveals that there was a significant impact in the yield attributing character's like as panicle length (cm), panicle weight (g), numbers of grains panicle -1 , grains weight panicle -1 except test weight. Critical observation of the data recorded on grain yield (t ha -1 ) have been summarized in Table 5 and depicted in Figure 5. T 5 (75% RDF + 25% Poultry manure) showed the maximum no of effective tillers hill -1 i.e., 10.40 which was at par with T 2 (RDF (100%) and T 4 (75% RDF + 25% BGA). Lowest value was by T 1 (Control).

Grain & Straw yield

Critical observation of the data recorded on grain yield (t ha -1 ) have been summarized in Table 7 and depicted in Figure 6. T 5 (75% RDF + 25% Poultry manure) showed the maximum no of effective tillers hill -1 i.e., 10.40 which was at par with T 2 (RDF (100%) and T 4 (75% RDF + 25% BGA). Lowest value was by T 1 (Control).

The data recorded on straw yield (t ha -1 ) have been presented in Table 7 and depicted in Figure 6. The higher straw yield of 7.46 t ha -1 which was recorded with T 5 (75% RDF + 25% Poultry manure), which was significant over all the treatments and at par with T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 6 , T 7 , T 8 . The lowest straw yield of 4.25 t ha -1 was recorded with treatment T 1 (Control). The highest biological yield of 13.18 t ha -1 was recorded treatment with T 5 (100% RDF + 25% Poultry manure) which was significant over all the treatments and at par with T 2 (100% RDF). The lowest biological yield was recorded with treatment T 1 (Control) with 7.17 t ha -1 . Harvest index indicates the relationship between economic yield and biological yield. It is clearly revealed from the data there was variation in harvest index among the treatments but it could not reach to the level of significance so the treatments are non-significant with each other. The maximum harvest index was recorded with T 5 (75% RDF + 25% Poultry manure) and minimum under T 1 (Control). INM can increase the harvest index.

Conclusion

On the basis of present investigation, 75% RDF together with 25% nutrients from poultry manure be recommended to the farmers of eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh for better growth, more dry matter production, high grain and stalk yield. Inclusion of FYM and BGA has also enriched the nutrient status of soil and plant both and showed positive impact on grain and straw yield. Thus, 75% RDF + 25% BGA or 75% RDF + 25% FYM could also be an alternative which may be remunerative for rice cultivation with sustained soil health and increased production.

References

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