Exploring the uncharted waters of epigenetics in fisheries: Molecular mechanisms and ecological implications

Abstract

Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression without alterations to the DNA sequence, is poised to revolutionize fisheries biochemistry and molecular biology. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of epigenetic mechanisms and their ecological implications in fish species. Covering the fundamentals of epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, it unveils the molecular intricacies governing gene regulation. Fish employ these mechanisms for developmental and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, enabling adaptation to dynamic aquatic environments and stress responses. Epigenetics finds practical applications in fisheries management, offering insights into stock identification and enhancing aquaculture productivity. Moreover, it influences conservation strategies for vulnerable fish populations. The ecological impact of epigenetic variation manifests through phenotypic plasticity, affecting how fish respond to climate change and potentially altering ecosystem dynamics. While methodological challenges persist, technological advancements and ethical considerations are steering epigenetic research toward a promising future. In conclusion, epigenetics represents a transformative tool for sustainable fisheries management, advancing our understanding of fish biology in a rapidly changing world.