Constraints of Conventional and Organic Small Tea Growers in Assam

Abstract

This study explores the multifaceted challenges faced by small tea growers in Assam, who contribute nearly 50% of the state’s total tea production and thus play a crucial role in sustaining its tea economy. Despite their importance, these growers face economic, social, and environmental constraints that hinder the progress of both conventional and organic cultivation. To assess these issues, a survey of 120 small tea growers was conducted, and responses were analyzed using Garrett’s ranking method to identify and prioritize the most pressing problems. For conventional growers, the results highlight high labour costs (73.80), shortage of skilled labour (66.63), and price fluctuations of green tea leaves (64.87) as the most severe constraints. Additional challenges include pest and disease outbreaks, high input prices, exploitation by middlemen, lack of reliable market information, and limited institutional support. Organic growers, while facing some similar issues, reported distinct constraints such as the high cost of organic inputs (71.50), pest and disease problems (69.10), and high initial investment (65.60). Barriers such as labour intensity, market uncertainty, certification hurdles, and inadequate knowledge further restrict the adoption of organic practices. The findings emphasize the need for integrated solutions including policy support, cost-reduction strategies, infrastructure development, farmer training, and stronger market linkages to ensure the long-term sustainability of small tea growers in Assam.