Epidemiology and patterns of open foot fractures in a tertiary care trauma Centre: A cross-sectional study of 400 patients

Abstract

Introduction: Open foot fractures are complex injuries associated with high infection rates, significant soft-tissue compromise, and long-term disability. This study aimed to define the epidemiology, fracture patterns, and injury characteristics among 400 patients presenting with open foot fractures at a tertiary trauma centre. Methods: A cross-sectional study analysed 400 consecutive patients with radiologically confirmed open foot fractures over a five-year period. Demographic variables, mechanism of trauma, fracture location, Gustilo-Anderson grading, and associated injuries were recorded. Results: The cohort included 82% males (mean age 34.6 years). Road traffic accidents (72%) were the leading cause. Forefoot injuries (48%) predominated, followed by midfoot (32%) and hindfoot (20%). Grade III open fractures accounted for 46% of all cases. Associated injuries were present in 28% of patients, including tibial fractures (12%) and ankle trauma (8%). Conclusion: Open foot fractures commonly affect young adult males following high-energy trauma. Most are severe Grade III injuries, with forefoot and midfoot regions frequently involved. The findings highlight the need for preventive strategies and early multidisciplinary management. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Retrospective cohort study.