Evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters under ketamine, propofol, and ketofol anaesthesia intravenously with xylazine premedication for performing elective spaying in dogs 

Abstract

Spaying is a common surgical procedure in veterinary clinics and often requires anaesthetic combinations that provide hypnosis, analgesia, and muscle relaxation.Since no single drug offers all these effects, balanced anaesthesia using complementary agents and allows effective anesthesia with reduced individual dosages.For balanced anaesthesia in this study, combinations of Ketamine, Propofol, and Ketofol were used with Xylazine premedication.Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) involves administering agents solely through the intravenous route for induction and maintenance.To evaluate haematological and biochemical changes, blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein at baseline (0 min before premedication), 10 min post-premedication and induction, and 15, 30, and 60 min post-anaesthesia, as well as at complete recovery.Samples were stored in EDTA vials, and parameters were analysed using a semiautomatic haematological analyser.The variables assessed included haemoglobin, total leucocyte count, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, serum glucose, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen.Across all three groups, haemoglobin, total leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, and packed cell volume showed a nonsignificant decrease from baseline to 60 minutes post-anaesthesia and recovery.Intergroup comparison also revealed no significant differences.Serum glucose levels increased non-significantly at 10 minutes after premedication and then rose significantly (P<0.05) from 15 to 60 minutes post-anaesthesia, returning to baseline at recovery, with no significant differences among groups.Serum creatinine, ALT, and BUN showed a non-significant decrease from baseline to 30 minutes post-anaesthesia and gradually returned to baseline by recovery, with no significant intergroup variation.