Streptococcus mutans and Sobrinus: A review of etiology, caries, and natural antimicrobials

Abstract

Introduction: Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans are bacteria known for their cardiogenic potential, having the ability to produce acids, which is why the prevalence of dental caries formation and its association with cardiovascular disease has become a global problem. Objective: To analyze the scientific literature on the etiology, prevalence, diseases, and treatments of S. sobrinus and S. mutans, as well as their behavior in response to natural extracts. Methodology: Articles were searched in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, using keywords: S. sobrinus, S. mutans, prevalence, caries, natural extracts. Results: S. sobrinus and S. mutans are cariogenic agents due to their ability to produce acids, adhere to tooth enamel, survive in acidic environments, and interact with other microorganisms of their species and other species. Their prevalence varies according to the population studied, resulting in a higher prevalence in pediatric patients, taking into account factors such as age, diet, oral habits, and the susceptibility of each patient. This bacterium is mainly associated with dental caries, the treatment of which can vary from restorative to non-restorative approaches (preventive measures). Various studies have observed that it is more active with ethanolic and chloroform-based extracts, which in turn depends on the type of extract being used, as well as on varying concentrations. Conclusion: S. sobrinus and S. mutans are bacteria that play an important role in the development of dental caries. Their ability to produce acid and adhere to teeth makes them an important target for caries prevention and treatment strategies. Research on their behavior under natural extracts suggests a promising path for the development of innovative therapies against dental caries, seeking to advance preventive and restorative treatments in dentistry.