Production and marketing aspects of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh

I ntr oduction

The demand for the sea foods has been increasing over the period of years. Highly nutritious value and medicinal properties has encouraged consumers to move towards sea foods. Shrimp industry in India is one among the sea food basket that has grown over the years. Litopenaeus vannamei (white leg shrimp) is the highly demanded cultured shrimps in India. The total world production of shrimp (L. vannamei) was 3,879.78 thousand tonnes. China with 1, 625 thousand tonnes (41.88 per cent) shared the major production of L. vannamei followed by India (10.72 per cent) and Indonesia (10. 57 per cent) in the year 2015-16. The other major producing countries were Ecuador contributing10.39percent followed by Vietnam, Thailand, Mexico, Brazil, Malaysia and Honduras with 8.20percent, 7.22percent, and 3.35percent, 1.80 percent, 1.24percent and 0.64percent respectively. (Source: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Database). The total Indian shrimp production was 622327 MT in the year 2017-18. The share of L. Vannamei shrimp is humungous when compared to tiger and scampi with 16.36 per cent and 2.04 per cent respectively. Whereas the total area under culture of shrimp was 1, 52, 595 ha of which L. Vannamei constituted about 61.18 per cent followed by tiger shrimp 38.82 per cent. (Source: MPEDA, 2017). Andhra Pradesh is the leading Shrimp producing state in India. The total production of shrimp (L. vannamei) during the year 2017-18 was 4,56,300MT. The major share of shrimp production in Andhra Pradesh was shared by Nellore districts (55 per cent) Prakasam districts (45 per cent). There is a huge export potential of shrimp from Andhra Pradesh. In this regard, this study was conducted to identify the cost of production of shrimps, constraints faced in shrimp production, various marketing channel of shrimp, enumerate the price spread of shrimp (L. vannamei) variety and to find the constraints faced by the farmers in Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh.

M ethodology

Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh were purposively selected as they were the major shrimp producing districts in the state. Simple random sampling techniques was applied for shrimp farmers and purposive sampling techniques for processors and exporting units was employed for the collection of data. Totally 120 samples that included 80 shrimp farms, 15 hatcheries, 10 input suppliers, 10 middlemen and5 processing cum export units were selected for the study. All the data regarding prices were concernedto2017-18asthestudywas conducted during the period.

Results and Discussion

Cost and r etur ns of shr imp far ms

The cost and returns of the shrimp farm per acre were analyzed and discussed in Table1 respectively. The fertilizers/medicines/probiotics constituted for 1.89 per cent and repairs and maintenance (0.95 per cent). The average gross return per acre/season was Rs. 8, 20, 000 from shrimp cultivation considering the average market price of Rs. 328 per kg of shrimp. The average annual return of Rs. 5, 82, 636 was received per acre/annum. Further for every rupee of investment in shrimp culture Rs. [3] . They found black tiger shrimp farmers and white legged shrimp earned a net profit of 19.63 Lakh/ha/crop and of 5.57 Lakh/ha/crop respectively. The black tiger shrimp was less profitable (1.95) than white legged shrimp (3.01). The farmers contributed the largest share to profit and cost. The results of the study indicates that shrimp (L. vannamei) is highly profitable business when compared to other crops cultivation. The sample respondents suggested that for the new entrants at least 2 years of continual shrimp farming should be practiced not bothering about the loss which would in turn fetch them higher returns.

Existing M ar keting Channel in the Study Ar ea

The shrimp marketing channel existed in Andhra Pradesh was identified and mapped in Figure 1. The actors involved in the channel were farmers, middlemen and processing cum export units asits stakeholders Actors involved in conducting various activities of supply chain. For conducting the activities, actors incurred particular costs and also reaped margins out of it.

Sour ce: Pr imar y Sur vey

Constr aints Faced by Shr imp Far ms

It is important to identify the major problems faced by the farmers in cultivating the shrimp farms to increase the market efficiency. In this regard, major constraints faced by the farmers were ranked using Garret's ranking technique.

Acknowledgement

International Journal of Biology Sciences https://www.biologyjournal.net (post larvae) to the farmers for higher production rate. Disease diagnosis and treatment measures are to be simplified and popularized by the concerned state Fisheries Department and the Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture. So, that they could play a vital role in skill development among the shrimp farmers in disease diagnosis and treatment measures.

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