Seasonal variation of arrival and prices of Pigeon pea in Akola district of Maharashtra

Introduction

Cajanus cajan is a leguminous browse plant, the common names are Pigeon pea, red gram, Congo pea, Gungo pea, No eye pea. Cajanus cajan is cultivated on large scale in twenty-two countries of the world and it is the sixth most important legume food crop. The cultivation of the Pigeon pea goes back at least 3,500 years. The forage of Cajanus cajan is a fodder taste by ruminants and it is of high nutritive value and serves as vegetable for human consumption and the protein content of the seeds correspond favorably with those of soybean meal and groundnut cake. Production of Cajanus cajan in Africa was accounted to be 9.3 per cent of world production but this is small, when compared to the 74 per cent contribution from India. Area and production of Pigeon pea in India has been more or less stable at 16.56 lakh ha and 4.43 million tonnes, respectively during the year 2019-2020. India is the major producer of Pigeon pea accounting 90 per cent of total production and 80 per cent of total area of the world. In India Pigeon pea is mainly grown in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Maharashtra is the leading producer. Pigeon pea is grown in region of Maharashtra on 1195.50 (000'ha), with a production of 1084.32 (000'Tonnes) during 2019-20. The normal productivity was about 907 kg/ha. Highest production of Pigeon pea is from Maharashtra, which is around 30 per cent of national production. (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.) This study worked on the peak and slack period in arrival and prices of Pigeon pea. Farmers in India are price conscious and in such case the study of seasonal variation of arrivals and prices assumes primary focus. The market arrival variation is a major factor in the volatility of agricultural prices. To narrow the gap between market arrivals, it is necessary to comprehend the price behavior of various agricultural commodities and the responsiveness of market arrival to price movement.

Methodology

The study was based on secondary data. The time series data www.extensionjournal.com of arrivals and prices were collected from APMCs in Akola district i.e. Akola, Murtijapur and Akot markets during study period 2001 to 2020 i.e. 20 years and in the year 2020 from January to December month wise i.e. one year. The selected market was based on the quantity of arrivals and prices in Pigeon pea of Akola district of Maharashtra state. The data were analyzed with simple statistical tools for fulfilling set seasonal indices of Pigeon pea in Akola district. The peak and slack period, monthly seasonal indices was worked out by using simple average method.

Seasonal Indices = × 100

Where, Xi = monthly average for 1 years x ̅ = mean of 12-month, average Similarly, Methodology was also used by Jadhav et al. (2011) [4] , Benke et al. (2016) [1] and sahoo et al (2017) [6] .

Results and Discussion

Seasonal indices of selected markets the range of arrivals of Pigeon pea indices increasing and decreasing with ranging for selected APMC's. Seasonal indices are those periodic movements in business activity which occur regularly over period of time and have their origin in the year itself. Since such variations repeats during a period of twelve months, it can be predicted fairly and with higher accuracy level. To obtain a statistical description of pattern of seasonal variation it is desirable to first free the data from the effects of cycles and irregular variations. Once these other components have been eliminated, seasonal index can be calculated in index form as a measure of seasonal variation. 54.45 per cent), respectively. Among the selected markets the highest arrivals were in the year 2018-2019 (286.79 per cent), in Akot APMC market followed by Murtijapur APMC market (269.16 per cent), whereas the lean period of arrival in the year 2013 -2014 (15.52 per cent) in Akot APMC market were observed in selected markets. The monthly seasonal indices of market arrivals and prices of Pigeon pea in the selected Akola, Murtijapur, and Akot markets were presented in Table 2. The results showed the existence of seasonality in all the markets. Higher indices of market arrivals of Pigeon pea were noticed immediately after harvest in both Akola, and Akot which reached peak, during February (396.80 and 282.81), respectively. Gradually started arrivals decreasing from July and were in October, November and December. The market from February to June was glutted with Pigeon pea produce because mostly the farmers sold their produce immediately after harvest. The higher markets arrivals were found in APMC's (more than 110 per cent) to be significant in the months of February, March, May and June in the selected markets. Among the selected markets the highest arrivals were in the month of February (396.80 per cent) in Akola market followed by Akot market (282.81 per cent) and Murtijapur market showed highest in the month of June (248.43 per cent) followed by October (200.11 per cent), whereas the lowest arrivals in the month of November (4.37 per cent) in Akot APMC market. It was observed that in Akola APMC, monthly seasonal indices of prices were highest in the month of October (123.55 per cent) followed by November (115.64 per cent) and September (107.99 per cent), whereas lowest prices were during January (89.45 per cent), followed by May (89.71 per cent) and February (90.44 per cent), respectively. The highest seasonal indices of prices of Pigeon pea were registered in the month June (122.43 per cent) followed by July (119.07 per cent) and February (108.04 per cent) in Murtijapur APMC, whereas lowest seasonal indices observed in the month of March (84.44 per cent), May (84.69 per cent) and April (89.44 per cent). In Akot APMC the seasonal indices of prices were highest in the month of October (130.76 per cent) followed by September (106.16 per cent) and November (103.76 per cent). Whereas, lowest seasonal indices of prices observed in the month of January (91.75 per cent) and March (91.84 per cent

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