Pharmacogenomics in periodontics: The genetic architecture of drug response in periodontal disease management

Abstract

Pharmacogenomics, the study of how genetic variations influence drug responses, has emerged as a transformative approach in precision medicine [1]. Within periodontics, understanding individual genetic predispositions and pharmacogenomic profiles offers the potential to tailor periodontal therapies to optimize outcomes and minimize adverse drug reactions [2, 3]. This review synthesizes the existing literature on pharmacogenomics in periodontics, integrating insights from molecular genetics, genetic biomarkers, and the personalized medicine framework [4]. Correlating genetic polymorphisms with drug efficacy and tissue responses allows clinicians to adopt a more predictive, preventive, and personalized approach to managing periodontal diseases [5, 6].