Vector-borne disease risk assessment in hospitality zones: A case study approach

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) continue to represent a major global health challenge, especially across tropical and subtropical regions where tourism is a critical economic sector. Hotels, lodges, and restaurants situated in endemic areas frequently offer ideal ecological niches for disease vectors such as mosquitoes and flies. Tourists, travelers, and hospitality workers remain vulnerable to infections such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniasis. This review article explores vector-borne disease risk assessment in hospitality zones through a case study approach, integrating entomological, environmental, and epidemiological dimensions. It further identifies specific risk factors linked to hospitality infrastructure, evaluates existing preventive mechanisms, and recommends integrated surveillance and management strategies. Emphasis is placed on technological innovation and integrated vector management (IVM) frameworks aligned with WHO’s Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) 2017-2030.