Necrotizing fasciitis: Lethal soft tissue infection

Abstract

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening soft tissue infection that spreads along the connective tissue planes. It not only involves superficial tissues but may also extend into deeper layers, including the muscles. Due to the rapid spread of infection and systemic toxicity, the morbidity and mortality associated with NF is extremely high. Understanding the etiopathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this serious condition, is essential for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Aggressive management of shock, appropriate antibiotic therapy and early extensive surgical debridement can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in affected patients. This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnostic workup, and therapeutic approach to necrotizing fasciitis.