Fungi for lignocellulose decomposition and soil bioaugmentation: A review

Abstract

Intensive agriculture produces crop residue (CR), agrochemical residue and causes contamination of soil. Moreover, agrochemicals like DDT and chlorpyrifos are known to leave residue. Industrial wastes and plastics that are dumped on degradation releases toxic chemicals in the soil. CR is disposed of through various methods, such as crop burning and landfilling creates problems of soil toxicity, soil degradation, and human health hazards, ultimately affecting agricultural sustainability. The hurdles for organic degradation of crop residue are complex structure of lignin, C: N ratio, and availability for degrading microbes. Despite available technology on managing agricultural waste, alternative management strategies towards sustainability are essential while keeping it eco-friendly several organisms, including fungi and mushrooms like Agaricus bisporus, Aspergillus spp., and Volvariella volvacea, are natural decomposers. These can be employed to manage agricultural waste and crop residue effectively. At the same time, fungal species like Aspergillus tubingensis have shown potential for plastic degradation. These Fungi release enzymes capable of degrading lignocellulose, agrochemical residue, and remediate other toxic materials. Thus, employing these fungal species can ensure agroecological balance and bioremediation of agricultural waste and residue.