Chronic lead toxicity-induced alterations in oxygen uptake and energy metabolites of Rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings

Abstract

In aquatic ecosystems heavy metal contamination adversely affects fish especially their physiology and metabolism. The present study explores the chronic impact of lead acetate on oxygen consumption and energy metabolites in Labeo rohita fingerlings. The 96-hour LC?? of lead acetate was determined to be 31.5 ppm, and a sublethal concentration (3.15 ppm; 1/10th LC??) was used for a 28-day exposure trial. Oxygen consumption, along with protein and carbohydrate levels was estimated from muscle tissues. Our results exhibited a significant time-dependent decline in oxygen consumption (4.78 to 2.94 mg O?/hr/100g), protein (12.45 to 7.24 mg/g), and carbohydrate content (5.86 to 2.86 mg/g), indicating metabolic suppression and energy depletion. The observed results show differences in the physiological stress induced by chronic lead exposure, even at sublethal levels as compared to control. These findings emphasize that the oxygen uptake, protein and carbohydrate content are affected by lead acetate, posing ecotoxicological risks and negative consequences for fish health and freshwater ecosystem stability.