Application and field use of Ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) in livestock health management in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu: a community-based study

Abstract

Ethnoveterinary Medicine (EVM), deeply rooted in traditional ecological knowledge and community experience, has re-emerged as a vital component of sustainable livestock healthcare in India. This field-based study was undertaken in Sivaganga District, Tamil Nadu, to assess the application, community perception, and effectiveness of EVM practices in rural livestock management. Data were collected from 120 livestock farmers across four major livestock-rearing blocks using structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. Results revealed widespread reliance on locally available herbal remedies to treat common ailments such as mastitis, foot rot, repeat breeding, and gastrointestinal infections. Farmers valued EVM for its affordability, ease of preparation, and minimal side effects. Despite its high acceptance, challenges such as lack of standardized dosages, seasonal unavailability of herbs, and insufficient formal recognition hinder broader adoption. The study underscores the importance of documenting, validating, and integrating EVM within formal veterinary extension systems to reduce drug dependency, mitigate antimicrobial resistance, and promote resilient and culturally relevant livestock care in rural communities.