Molecular characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutant lines using PCR-based grain softness markers and SDS-PAGE analysis of HMW-GS

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize 25 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes including 22 mutant line derived from variety MACS6478 and two soft grain textured variety phule satwik and pusa baker for grain softness traits using PCR-based markers and SDS-PAGE analysis for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS). PCR-based markers of puroindoline genes (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1) confirmed the presence of wild-type alleles linked to soft grain texture in most mutant lines and variety Phule Satwik and Pusa Baker. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed distinct HMW-GS profiles among genotypes, including single and multiple allele combinations and several triple null mutants. Findings of this research indicates valuable genetic variation that influences end-use quality, specifically suitability for baking and soft-textured products. The integrated use of protein profiling and molecular markers provides efficient selection indices for breeding programs targeting improved wheat quality and processing performance.