Association of serum AMH concentration with age & body mass index in a sample of apparently healthy Iraqi women of reproductive & preimenopausal age range

Abstract

Background: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein secreted primarily by granulosa cells of preantral and early antral follicles, serving as a reliable biomarker for ovarian reserve. Serum AMH levels decline with age and become undetectable near menopause. Aim: This study aimed to assess age-related changes in circulating AMH levels among healthy Iraqi women and to estimate the predicted menopausal age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, from January to August 2022, under the supervision of the Iraqi Board of Medical Specializations. A total of 123 apparently healthy women aged 25-55 years with regular menstrual cycles were enrolled. Participants were categorized into six age groups (5-year intervals) and by body mass index (BMI) into normal weight, overweight, and obese. Serum AMH concentrations were measured using ELISA. Results: The overall mean serum AMH level was 1.06±0.94 ng/mL. A significant decline in AMH was observed with increasing age (p