Assessment of occupational exposure to mycobacterial infections in farmers and slaughterhouse workers

Abstract

The present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of chemical litter treatments on ammonia emission control and improvement of litter quality in broiler chickens reared during the monsoon season (August-September 2020) at Anand, Gujarat. A total of 144 straight-run, day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allocated to six treatment groups, each comprising four replicates with six chicks per replicate, total of 24 chicks per treatment. The six treatments included: T1-control group with rice husk as litter material; T2-rice husk treated with alum at 90 g/sq.ft.; T3-rice husk treated with boric acid (H?BO?) at 24 g/sq.ft.; T4-rice husk treated with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO?) at 25 g/sq.ft.; T5-rice husk treated with a commercially available probiotic product at 1 g/sq.ft; and T6-rice husk treated with a liquid formulation of Yucca schidigera at 1 mL/sq.ft. The respective litter treatments (T2 to T6) were applied uniformly on the 1st, 15th, and 29th days of the experimental period.The present study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with mycobacterial infection among high-risk occupational groups, as Tuberculosis, particularly zoonotic tuberculosis, are an important occupational disease for farmers and slaughterhouse workers. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire to farmers and slaughterhouse workers (94 respondents) on farm-level practices, livestock characteristics, and occupational behaviors. Information included herd size, rearing systems, introduction of new animals, handling of sick animals, milk and meat handling practices, and personal protective measures. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression with SPSS software. Multivariate logistic regression identified significant risk factors for mycobacterial infection, including poor handling of sick animals (aOR=2.24, 95% CI, P=0.03) and unhygienic slaughtering/handling of raw meat (aOR=7.93, 95% CI, P=0.03). Consumption of raw milk was rare (6.45%) and did not emerge as a major risk in this population. This study highlights the occupational vulnerability of farmers and slaughterhouse workers to mycobacterial infections, particularly tuberculosis. Improving the awareness about the occupation risks viz., encouraging the use of personal protective equipment, regular screening programs, hygienic handling of animals and meat will play a pivotal role in mitigating zoonotic tuberculosis at the human-animal interface.