Growth dynamics and decomposition analysis of major vegetables in Chhattisgarh

Introduction

Recent developments in agricultural methods and cuttingedge technologies have also altered the landscape of India's horticultural sector. Based on data from 2022-2023, vegetables hold a significant position among the various horticulture crops, taking up 11.36 million hectares of land. 212.91 million tons of vegetables are produced annually, with an average output of 18.74 tons per hectare. According to the results, Indian vegetables are highly competitive in the global market because their nominal protection coefficient is less than one. This indicates that the vegetables have a significant potential for exportation. (Dastagiri et al, 2013) [3] . Located in the central India, Chhattisgarh holds a very important position in contributing to the vegetable production of the country. Moreover, the presence of three different agroclimatic regions makes it well fitted for the production of a wide variety of horticultural crops in which vegetables play a prominent role. In the case of vegetables, the total area covered is 491.393 thousand hectares with a production of 6789.14 thousand tons and a productivity of 13.81 metric tons per hectare, as per the statistics of 2023-2024. (Directorate of Horticulture, Chhattisgarh). For the majority of the vegetables, like cucurbits, solanaceous vegetables, cauliflower, cabbage and beans, the conditions are favorable for growth in the state. The crops that occupy the highest area are tomato, brinjal, potato, chilli and okra. Studying the pattern of area, production, and yield of major vegetables shows up the potential and prospects of vegetable cultivation in Chhattisgarh, which helps to increase the crop yield and ensure sustainability. It is easier to execute alternative aims and strategic policies when production is projected by decomposing growth into its component parts.

Methodology

The study on growth and decomposition analysis of vegetables was performed in Chhattisgarh state based on area, production and yield of vegetables. This area was purposively selected for the study purpose. For the present study, major vegetable crops grown in the state were selected, which include tomato, brinjal, chilli, okra and potato. Major vegetables were selected based on the area being cultivated The present study utilizes secondary data, and inferences are drawn based on the specific objectives. Secondary data required for the study purpose was collected from the website of the government of Chhattisgarh, the Directorate of Horticulture and Farm Forestry, Chhattisgarh, and the Agricultural Marketing Information Network. The data was obtained for the period of 20 years from 2004-05 to 2023-24, and for analytical convenience, this period is divided into two subgroups, viz., 2004-05 to 2014-15 (first subperiod) and 2015-16 to 2023-24 (second subperiod). www.extensionjournal.com

Analytical tools and techniques Compound growth rate Analysis

Compound growth rate is an effective statistical tool that illustrates the overall growth performance and developmental patterns of a variable over a period of time.

Examining the past trends helps to modify the existing situations and make strategic decisions in the future. To compute the growth rate of area, production and productivity of major vegetables of Chhattisgarh state, the following mathematical model was used:

Growth in area, production and yield of Tomato

The Compound Growth Rate analysis of tomato revealed that over the entire period, the highest growth rate was observed in production(7.93%) followed by the growth rate in area(4.40%). Taking into picture, the subperiod wise analysis of growth rate in area, production and productivity of tomato, all the parameters showed a significant and more growth rate in first subperiod than the second subperiod where all the parameters dropped drastically. Production has shown the highest rate of increase among all the major vegetables in Chhattisgarh compared to area and productivity and this matches with the findings of Sahu et al. (2020) [10] and Dhanush et al. (2024) [6] . Growth in area, production and yield of brinjal Examining the growth trends of brinjal, production showed the highest growth rate (7.27%) followed by area (4.81%). The first subperiod witnessed the increased growth rate in all the variables as compared to the second subperiod. Declining growth rates across all the parameters were observed during the second subperiod, 2014-2024. The pace of agricultural expansion gave a slow pattern.

Growth in area, production and yield of Potato

Results from the growth rate analysis of potato showed that the highest growth rate was found in production (5.49%). Area and productivity had growth rates of 4.29 and 1.15 respectively. The first subperiod showed significant growth rates whereas the growth rate of area turned out to be negative in the second sub period. Stagnant behaviour of the parameters during the second subperiod resulted the overall averages to be low.

Growth in area, production and yield of Okra

The growth analysis of area, production and productivity of okra recorded significant growth during the period 2004-2024.The area, production and productivity increased at the rate of 3.98, 5.15 and 1.12 per cent per annum respectively. Distinct slowdown of growth across each variables was observed in the second decade. Area growth slowed to such an extent that it showed only 1.56 percent per annum. Production in combination with area increased only by 2.22 percent per annum. A very marginal improvement of 0.65 percent per annum was observed in the case of productivity

Growth in area, production and yield of Chilli

The growth trend analysis of chilli revealed that a higher rate of expansion in area, production and productivity was observed during the first subperiod while each parameter showed negative growth rate during the second subperiod.

This was due to the outbreak of diseases in chilli. Over the entire study period, moderate growth rates of 4.67, 6.32 and 1.58 per cent per annum was found in the area, production and productivity of chilli. The study related to the relative contribution of area, yield and interaction effect in tomato showed that yield effect (49.97%) majorly impacted tomato production in the different subperiods as well as in the entire study period. The area effect contributed 20.20 percent towards production in the first subperiod and a relatively low 7.47 percent in the second subperiod. Interaction effect was responsible for a 29.73 percent increase in the first subperiod, while it contributed only 1.15 percent in the second subperiod Over the years 2004-2024, the area effect showed a value of 16.66 percent, and the interaction effect was 33.37 percent. The contribution of yield towards increase in the production of brinjal(50.19%) was found to be higher than the area as well as the interaction between area and yield effects. This result is supported from the studies of Sentilnathan et al.( 2023) [11] During the first subperiod, the interaction effect, which accounted for 31.44 percent, was higher than the area effect, which was 15.97 percent. Area effect contributed to 20.14 percent in brinjal production while the interaction effect gave only 3.39 percent in the second subperiod. Decomposition analysis of potato revealed that the yield effect(64.25%) contributed too increase in production of potato as compared to the area and interaction effect. During the first sub period, the interaction effect which accounted to 22.55 per cent was higher than the area effect which was 10.07 per cent The scenario in the second subperiod reversed such that the area effect of 53.13 per cent outreached the interaction effect of 3.92 per cent than the first sub period. The factor responsible for the increase in production of okra from 2004-2024 was observed to be the yield effect (85.51%). In the first subperiod each area, yield and interaction effect significantly affected production while in the second subperiod area and interaction effect turned out to be negative. This indicated that the cultivated land has decreased in the second decade. Interaction effect was responsible for a 29.59 percent increase in the first subperiod, while it also showed a negative value of -1.91 percent in the second subperiod. Decomposition analysis of chilli revealed that the yield improvements (75.82%) contributed too increase in production of chilli as compared to the area and interaction effect. Area effect showed positive changes during the first and the second subperiod. It showed a value of 6.22 percent and 11.32 percent in the first and the second subperiods, respectively. The interaction effect depicted a positive change of 16.60 percent in the first subperiod, while it turned out to be negative at -1.11 percent in the second subperiod. This matches with the findings of Devegowda et al., (2019) [4] . [2] . Expansion of the vegetable sector, leveraging regional advantages for each crop, can substantially increase the incomes of small and marginal farmers, particularly given the rising demand in both local and neighboring state markets. For long-term sustainability, adoption of watersaving irrigation techniques, climate-resilient crop varieties, integrated pest and disease management, and improved soil and water management practices will be essential.

Conclusion

References

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