Enhancing soil fertility through Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) for sustainable crop production

Abstract

Soil fertility is a critical factor influencing crop productivity and long-term agricultural sustainability. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a comprehensive approach that combines organic, inorganic and biological inputs to optimize soil fertility while maintaining environmental health. This article explores the role of INM in enhancing soil nutrient availability, microbial diversity and crop productivity through sustainable practices such as balanced fertilization, organic amendments, biofertilizer applications and mulching techniques. The integration of organic sources (compost, farmyard manure, green manure), inorganic fertilizers and microbial inoculants (e.g., nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) has been shown to improve soil structure, moisture retention and nutrient cycling. Mulching, a crucial component of conservation agriculture contributes to temperature regulation, reduced nutrient leaching and improved organic matter decomposition. Further, supporting soil fertility. Research findings indicate that adopting INM practices enhances soil physical, chemical and biological properties leading to improved crop yields and resilience against climate variability.