Barbell velocity and its relationship to one-repetition maximum performance in resistance-trained individuals

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between barbell velocity at various submaximal intensities and actual one-repetition maximum (1-RM) performance in resistance-trained individuals. The primary aim was to identify which bar velocity metrics best predict maximal strength. Fourteen healthy adults (8 males, 6 females) from the University of South Carolina Aiken participated. Participants completed a 1-RM barbell back squat test in the first session, with a Gymaware FLEX linear position transducer measuring peak and mean concentric velocities. A second session, at least 72 hours later, involved single-repetition back squats at 40-90% of their 1-RM. Results showed significant differences in 1-RM performance based on concentric velocity measures at 60%, 70%, and 80% of 1-RM (p=.003). Eccentric peak velocity at 60% and 70% loads (p=.007), and eccentric mean velocity at 60% load (p=.033) were also significantly associated with 1-RM performance. Linear regression analyses indicated that velocity at 80% load (p<.001), peak velocity at 90% (p=.001), and mean power output at 100% 1-RM (p=.002) were strong predictors of maximal strength. The study concluded that velocity and power variables, especially those measured between 60% and 90% of 1-RM, are significantly related to 1-RM performance and mean power output, supporting the use of submaximal bar velocity to predict maximal strength.