Exploring Nicotiana tabacum: The multifaceted role of tobacco in traditional medicine and pharmacology : A review

Abstract

Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae family) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for a long time. The plant leaves are processed to produce tobacco, an agricultural product. It is edible, a pesticide, and a component of some medications in the form of nicotine tartrate. Nicotine, which stimulates nicotine receptors and releases chemicals like acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, vasopressin, and growth hormone, is primarily responsible for the pharmacological actions of this plant. The ethanolic extract of the leaves (decoction) contains 12.50.1322 mg QE/g of extract and 1133.25 0.02 mg phenolic content, respectively (36-37). The seeds of the plants were found to contain hydrocarbons (1.4%), wax esters (1.7%), sterol esters (2.4%), triacylglycerols (69.3%), free fatty acids (6.2%), l,3diacyl glycosyls (4.6%), 1-monoacyl glucoses (1.8%), 2-phosphatidyl cholines (0.9%), 24-daturadiol and cycloartenol, respectively. In addition, the seeds, however, revealed the presence of solavetivone and 24-daturol. The present review focuses on the chemical components and pharmacokinetics of the seeds and discusses the potential of nicotine and nicotine.