Evaluation of physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of urine of Haryana, Sahiwal and crossbred cows at district dairy farm

Introduction

Cow urine has a unique place in Ayurveda and has been described in 'Sushruta Samhita' and 'Astanga Sangraha' to be the most effective substance of animal origin with innumerable therapeutic values. It has been recognized as water of life or "Amrita" (beverage of immotality), the nector of the God. In India, drinking of cow urine has been practiced for thousands of years [1] . It is an important content of Panchgavya Chikitsa. Panchgavya is a formulation consisting cow's urine (Gomutra), milk (Godugdha), curd (Godadhi), ghee (Goghrit) and dung (Gomaya). These five cow products are used for treatment and known as Panchgavya Chikitsa. It is not only used for human health but also for animal health and plant growth [2] . Cow urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in cows. Cow urine is also used in medicine in India, Myanmar, Nepal and Nigeria. While cow urine and cow dung has benefits as fertilizers, the proponents' claims about curing diseases and cancer have no scientific backing [3,4,5,6,7], Cow urine is basically an excellent germicide and has been reported to destroy all the pathogenic organisms if it is taken on a daily basis and also boosts immunity [8] . Presence of urea, creatinine, swarnkshar (Aurum hydroxide), carbolic acid, phenols, calcium and manganese have strongly explained for exhibition of antimicrobial and germicidal properties of cow urine [9,10,11] . On the other hand uric acid's antioxidant property and allantoin correlates with its anticancer effect. Urine consumption improves immunity is due to presence of swarnkshar and fastens wound healing process which is due to allantoin [12] . Some of the diseases that are proven to be cured by Cow Urine Treatment and Research Centre, Indore over the past few years and it has been reported that gomutra is capable of curing blood pressure, blockage in arteries, arthritis, diabetes, heart attack, cancer, thyroid, asthma, psoriasis, eczema, prostate, fits, AIDS, piles, migraine, ulcer, acidity, constipation, gynaecological problems and several other diseases [12] .

Composition and therapeutic use of cow urine

The biochemical estimation of cow urine has shown that it contains sodium, nitrogen, sulphur, Vitamin A, B, C, D, E, minerals, manganese, iron, silicon, chlorine, magnesium, citric, succinic, calcium salts, phosphate, lactose, carbolic acid, enzymes, creatinine and hormones [13] . Several Therapeutic uses have been reported, and it includes: Skin disease [14] . Stomach, kidney, heart diseases and stone, liver problem, jaundice, athletes feet, immuno stimulants, anticonvulsant agent, anti cancer properties [15] , Wound healing property [16] , antioxidative properties [17] and antidiabetic effect [18] .

Materials and Methods

This study was designed to evaluate different physicochemical parameters of cow urine and was collected from Instructional Livestock Farm Complex of College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU Mathura. Fresh cow urine was collected in a sterile container from a different bred of cattle Haryana, Sahiwal and cross bred. The was filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper to get rid of debris and precipitated material and was stored in airtight container at 4 °C before use.

Experimental design

The proposed study was consisting of a total number of 120 animals' urine of Haryana, Sahiwal and Crossbred cow. The, animals were grouped as per given in Table-1 and each group consist of ten (10) animals.

Statistical study

In this study statistically, analysis of variance was applied.

Completely randomized design was used and significant differences was analysed at 5% level of significant.

Comparative study among the group and between the group in Haryana, Sahiwal and cross bred was done by Das [19] .

Result 1. Biochemical indices of urine using commercially available kit with semi-auto analyzer a. Comparative study within the breeds

Discussion

Creatinine, uric acid and urea nitrogen level is significantly high in the urine of cross bred while Haryana heifer cow showed high significant in protein level but glucose level high and non-significant in Haryana, Sahiwal and dry Cross bred cow. Alkaline phosphatase significantly high in cross bred in comparison to indigenous cow bred but while alpha amylase is high and non-significant. Antioxidative properties is high in indigenous (Haryana & Sahiwal) in comparison to cross bred cow but low in lactating animal of all bred of cow.

Conclusions

On examination of urine we can say that urine of cow contains high level of glucose, protein, uric acid, enzymes and antioxidant activity. If human drink daily cow urine become young and free from disease.

Acknowledgement

AcknowledgementsThis research work was financially supported by the college of veterinary science & animal husbandry DUVASU Mathura.

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