Clinical outcomes and management of penetrating abdominal injuries: A one-year study at a tertiary care center

Abstract

Background: Penetrating abdominal injuries (PAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly due to their potential to involve multiple organ systems. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical management, outcomes, and associated factors in patients with PAIs at Madha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, from March 2018 to February 2019. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients aged above 18 years with penetrating abdominal trauma were included. Demographic details, the mode of injury, time intervals between injury, presentation, and surgery, as well as associated injuries and operative findings, were documented. Patients were managed according to standard trauma protocols, and data were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Results: The majority of cases were in the 21-30 age group (36%), with males representing 80% of the sample. Stab injuries accounted for 64% of cases, followed by gunshot wounds (30%). Thoracic injuries (16%) were the most common associated injuries, followed by long bone fractures (12%). A significant number of patients presented within 4 hours of injury, and 28% underwent surgery within 2 hours of presentation. The liver, small bowel, and colon were the most commonly affected organs. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of timely medical intervention in improving patient outcomes for penetrating abdominal injuries. The high prevalence of polytrauma necessitates a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. Further research is needed to optimize management protocols for these complex injuries.