Ovarian leiomyoma: A case series demonstrating an infrequent entity

Abstract

Ovarian leiomyoma is a rare benign smooth muscle tumor, constituting only 0.5–1% of all benign ovarian neoplasms. Due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical presentation, ovarian leiomyoma poses a diagnostic challenge and is often misidentified as other ovarian or uterine tumors preoperatively. This case series reports two cases of ovarian leiomyoma, both initially suspected to be epithelial ovarian tumors and subjected to total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis. This study underscores the importance of considering ovarian leiomyoma in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses to avoid unnecessary radical surgeries. A combination of imaging and immunohistochemistry, particularly Desmin and SMA positivity, aids in accurate diagnosis.