Forensic evidence in Indian courts: Analyzing the role of investigating agencies in justice delivery

Abstract

This research paper explores the critical role of forensic evidence in the Indian legal system, highlighting its significance in enhancing the integrity of criminal investigations and judicial processes. The paper examines the historical context of forensic science in India, detailing various types of forensic evidence, including DNA analysis, fingerprinting, and digital forensics. It analyzes the pivotal role of investigating agencies in collecting and presenting forensic evidence, while also addressing the challenges they face, such as resource limitations, lack of standardization, and insufficient training. Additionally, the paper evaluates the legal frameworks governing forensic evidence, primarily the Indian Evidence Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure, emphasizing the need for reforms to keep pace with advancements in forensic methodologies. Through case studies, such as the Aarushi Talwar and Jessica Lal murder cases, the paper illustrates the complexities and implications of forensic evidence in real-world scenarios. The research concludes with recommendations for improvement, advocating for standardized practices, enhanced training, interagency collaboration, and the establishment of independent forensic review bodies. Overall, this paper underscores the importance of a robust forensic system in delivering justice and safeguarding the rights of individuals within the Indian legal context.