Management of borer complex of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)

Introduction

Cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) in India dates back to the Vedic period. Sugarcane is one of the several species of tall perennial true grass of genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, Native tropical to warm temperate to tropical region of south Asia and Melanesia and used for sugarcane production. (Nripesh and Gaikwad, 2017) [6] . India has been known as the original home of sugarcane and sugar. Sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarum) is one of important commercial crop which contribute to the economy of the Nation significant. Sugarcane originated in New Guinea. Mainly grown in tropical country. Commercial sugarcane is a hybrid grass species accounting 86% of global sugarcane production (Daniels and Daniels, 1993) [2] . Globally sugarcane is cultivated over an area of 26.9 million hectares with total production of 1859 million tones and productivity of 81.7 tone per hectares. (FAO) 2021. Among the major insect pest's sugarcane early shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus, top shoot borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis internode borer S. inferens, are damaging pests of sugarcane. Economical loss in sugarcane has been estimated to the extent of 15-20 per cent in the cane yield in addition to a decrease in produce quality (Mujumder, 2020) [5] . Sugarcane crop mainly affected in Maharashtra region include borer complex. Early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus damages young cane up to 8 week after planting the caterpillar that hatch out from the egg get scattered and enter into the young shoots by making hole just above the ground level and tunnels downwards. The central shoot dries up causing dead heart and also emits an offensive smell on being pulled out. Yield loss of sugarcane is estimated to be 22-23% by early shoot borer (Patil and Hapse 1981) [8] . Top shoot borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walk injurious to cane in later stage and persist till harvest (Pali 1965) [7] stated that the Scirpophaga nivella is major pest of sugarcane. The newly hatch caterpillars make number of small holes on leaves enter into midrib of the leaves producing galleries in the midrib. Later bore downward into the shoot from the top causing death of central shoot. Also produce bunchy top i.e. bushy appearance. (Alam et al., 2006) The caterpillar bores at the nodal region and enter into the cane (Stem). The hole usually plugged with excreta. Duo to feeding "galleries" are formed inside the cane, the tissue turn read leading to reddish appearance and cane become hard. (Srikanth et al., 2012) [9] reported that per cent of reduction in cane yield is up to 34.88% and reduction in sugar recovery 1.7 -3.07%.

Materials and Methods

Field experiment was conducted during seasonal planting 2023-24 at Regional Sugarcane Research station, Basmath Nagar, taluka place in Hingoli, district of Marathwada region which comes under the Assured Rain fall zone (ARZ) of Maharashtra state. Untreated ------------------

Methods of Recording Observations Efficacy of insecticides and biopesticides against borer complex

The efficacy of various insecticides against borer complex that is early shoot borer, top shoot borer, internode borer was judged on the basis of the per cent of dead heart bunchy and dead top at early stage and at maturity. The spraying was done on ETL basis. The percent of incidence was calculated as follows: Infestation percentage were calculated by following formulae.

Percent of Incidence =

Total Number of infected cane

Total number of cane observed

Statistical analysis

The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) as prescribed for randomized block design. Data recorded on per cent damage and plant damage was subjected to square root transformation.

Results and Discussion

Management of major insect pests of sugarcane Effect of different insecticides and combination of biopesticides on population of early shoot borer (C. infuscatellus) Pre count one day before spray

The data on C. infuscatellus population one day before spray is presented in Table 3 the result were statistically nonsignificant before application of insecticide indicating uniform distribution of C. infuscatellus population.

Seven days after first spray

The data are presented in table 3 there were significant difference among the treatment on seven days after spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infuscatellus than untreated control. The population of C. infuscatellus in treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha was lowest (3.23% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml i.e./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @ 4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria bassiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @ 4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 2500 ml i a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40 @ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml i.e./ ha, and Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml i.e./ ha were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (9.03)% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Fifteen days after first spray

The result obtained are presented in table 3 there were significant difference among the treatment on fifteen days after spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infsucatellus than untreated control. The population of C. infuscatellus in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (2.10% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @ 4 ml + 2 ml i.e./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 2500 ml i.e./ha. The treatments Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml i.e./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40 @ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i / ha, and Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (7.01% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Thirty days after first spray

The data are presented in table 3 there were significant difference among the treatment on thirty days after spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infsucatellus than untreated control. The population of C. infuscatellus in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (2.15% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @ 4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC @ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (6.01% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Effect of different insecticides and combination of biopesticides on population of early shoot borer (C. infuscatellus) with second spray Seven days after second spray

The presented in table 3 there were significant difference among the treatment on seven days after second spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infuscatellus than untreated control. The population of C.inuscatellus in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (2.23% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, and Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (10.20% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Fifteen days after second spray

The result obtained are presented in table 3 and there were significant difference among the treatment on fifteen days after second spray all the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infuscatellus than untreated control. The population of C. infuscatellus in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (2.92% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40 @ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @ 4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC @ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, and Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (9.25% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Thirty days after second spray

The result obtained are presented in table 3 there was significant difference among the treatment on thirty days after second spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infsucatellus than untreated control. The population of C. infuscatellus in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (4.49% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40 @ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, and Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (9.98% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Effect of different insecticides and combination of biopesticides on population of early shoot borer (C. infuscatellus) with third spray Seven days after third spray

The result obtained are presented in table 3 there were significant difference among the treatment on seven days after third spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infuscatellus than untreated control. The population of C. infuscatellus in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (3.17% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ hq, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @ 4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./hq, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, and Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (7.83% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Fifteen days after third spray

The result obtained are presented in table 3 there was significant difference among the treatment on fifteen days after third spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infuscatellus than untreated control. The population of C. infuscatellus in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (3.12% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./hq. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, and Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (7.00% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Thirty days after third spray

The result obtained are presented in table 3 there were significant difference among the treatment on thirty days after third spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of C. infsucatellus than untreated control. The population of C. infuscatellus in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (3.11% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, and Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of C. infuscatellus (7.00% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Effect of different insecticides and combination of biopesticides on population of top shoot borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walk (Nivella Fab) Pre count one day before spray

The data on Scirpophaga excerptalis population one day before spray is presented in Table 4 the result were statistically non-significant before application of insecticide indicating uniform distribution of Scirpophaga excerptalis population.

Seven days after first spray

The result obtained are presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment on seven days after first spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (3.24% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./hq. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./hq, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of Scirpophaga excerptalis (9.05% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Fifteen days after first spray

The result obtained are presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment on fifteen days after first spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (2.11% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./hq. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./hq, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid,40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, and Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of Scirpophaga excerptalis (7.00% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Thirty days after first spray

The result obtained are presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment thirty days after first spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (1.56% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC@ 2500 ml a.i./hq. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./hq, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of Scirpophaga excerptalis (6.08% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Seven days after second spray

The result obtained are presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment on seven days after second spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (4.08% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./hq. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./hq and Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of Scirpophaga excerptalis (11.05% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Fifteen days after second spray

The result obtained are presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment on fifteen days after second spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (3.26% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha and Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of Scirpophaga excerptalis (8.85% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Thirty days after second spray

The result obtained are presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment on thirty days after second spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (5.04% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, and Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of Scirpophaga excerptalis (9.24% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Seven days after third spray

The data presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment on seven days after third spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (4.07% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i. ha and Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of Scirpophaga excerptalis (7.83% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Fifteen days after third spray

The data presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment on fifteen days after third spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha was lowest (4.07% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The next best insecticides were in order of Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha, Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ hq, Bifenthrin 8% + Clothianidin 10% SC @ 1 ml + 1 ml a.i./ ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Bacillus thuringiensis + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Metarhizium anisopliae + Beauveria basiana + Lecanicillium lecanii @4 ml + 2 ml a.i./ha, Azadirachtin 0.03EC@ 2500 ml a.i./ha. The treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ ha, Chlorpyrifos 20% EC@ 1.5 ml a.i./ha and Fipronil 40 + imidacloprid 40@ 0.44 ml + 0.44 ml a.i./ ha, were significantly at par with each other. The highest population of Scirpophaga excerptalis (7.43% dead heart) was observed in untreated control.

Thirty days after third spray

The data presented in table 4 there were significant difference among the treatment on thirty days after third spray. All the treatment were recorded significantly lower population of Scirpophaga excerptalis than untreated control. The population of Scirpophaga excerptalis in Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @ 0.37 ml a.i./ hq was lowest (4.17% dead heart), which was significantly superior over rest treatments.

References

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