The effect of weak coronal mass ejections and their associated solar flares on the atmosphere

Abstract

This study selected 16 weak coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that were accompanied by X-class solar flares. likewise the six strongest solar flare events were chosen using data from the LASCO telescope on board the SOHO and GOES satellites, which indicated very high intensity during solar cycle 24. To study the effects of solar flare X-ray intensities on the ionosphere and thermosphere, an investigation is being conducted. The results demonstrate that the electron concentration reached its peak at an altitude of 260 km, measuring 7.14 e + 5 cm-3. Furthermore, the temperatures of electrons and ions during the flare were measured and determined to be 1897 k for electrons and 941 k for ions at an altitude of 260 km. These findings apply to all six events. Our findings indicate that feeble coronal mass ejections have minimal influence on the atmosphere, while powerful solar flares have a consistent or comparable impact across all occurrences.