Study on adaptation of improved cultivation practices of cotton on socio-economic status of cotton grower in Northern Rajasthan

Introduction

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the important crops grown in India, USA, China and Pakistan, contributing 85 per cent to the total global cotton production. In India, cotton is grown on 9.2 million hectare area, constituting 27 per cent of worlds' cotton area with the highest production in the world. Indeed, the social security and rural livelihood of vast majority of people are greatly dependent upon cotton crop through its production, picking, transportation, trade, processing and marketing etc. Therefore, it is important to increase the production and productivity of cotton, especially in traditionally cotton growing areas of arid and semi-arid regions. Although after the introduction of Bt-cotton in India, the production levels were significantly increased and country became the leader amongst the top cotton producers but still productivity remained low compared with other cotton growing countries Among different yield governing factors, the attack of bollworms and sucking pests decreased in Bt-cotton production resulting increase in productivity, but the infestation of sucking pests increased after 2006-07, which has caused indiscriminate use of pesticides. Cotton is one of the most important fiber and a cash crop of India and plays a dominant role in the industrial and agricultural economy of the country. Globally, the area under cotton for the year 2021-22 was 32.10 million hectares, production and productivity accounted for 257.71 million bales and 1370 kg/ha respectively. India has emerged as the largest producer of cotton in the world and occupies the first position in terms of both total area and production. Among the major cotton producing countries in the world, India occupied 1 st position with 68.71 million bales. In India during 2021-22, production of cotton was 362.19 lakh bales (1 st Advance estimates, eands.dacnet.nic.in) cultivated under an area of 119.66 lakh hectares with a productivity of 515 kg per hectare. According to the 2 nd advance estimates of 2021-22, cotton production in Andhra Pradesh was 16.25 lakh bales cultivated under an area of 5.23 lakh hectares with a productivity of 528 kg per hectare (des.ap.gov.in) contributing 4.49 per cent to total country's production. In India, there are nine major cotton growing states which fall under three zones, viz. the North Zone (Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan), the Central Zone (Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat), and the Southern Zone (Andhra Pradesh, www.extensionjournal.com Karnataka and Tamil Nadu). Nearly 65 per cent of the cotton crop is cultivated under rainfed conditions in the country. Nearly 2/3rd of the Cotton production in India comes from the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, collectively known as the Cotton Basket of India.

Material and Methods

The study was conducted in year 2022 to 2024 since the investigator is studying in S.K.D. University, Hanumangarh district of Northern Rajasthan. So were done collect the required information by the interview scheduled. The selection of villages was selected randomly from each block, ten villages were selected randomly from each blocks. Thus, the total 20 villages selected for the study purpose. Than the two blocks was selected randomly for the study purpose namely Bhadra and Hanumangarh Blocks of Hanumangarh district Northern Zone of Rajasthan. Selection of the respondents purposively was done by simple random sampling method from every village 10 cotton grower farmers were selected randomly for study so as to constitute a total sample size of 200 respondents. The respondents were contacted personally for data collection. Data were collected with the help of semi-structured interview schedule specially developed on standard scales with some modifications in the light of objectives and analyzed with suitable statistical methods. 4 that the maximum number respondents (67.00%) and (71.00%) were observed in the categories of Nuclear family in hybrid cotton and HYV cotton growers followed by Joint family (33.00% & 29.00%), respectively. 6 that the maximum number respondents (43.00%) and (35.00%) were observed in the categories of Rs. 55,000 to 1, 10,000 in the hybrid cotton and HYV cotton followed by Above Rs. 1,10,000 (29.00% & 12.00%), and Upto Rs. 55,000 (28.00% & 53.00%), respectively. 12 (12.00%) 14 (14.00%) Note: More than one items have been shown by respondent, hence the total percentage of all items would be more than 200.

Result and Discussion

Table 7 that the maximum number respondents (88.00%) and (86.00%) were observed in the categories of Pucca House by kachcha house (12.00% & 14.00%) were having in case of hybrid Cotton and HYV Cotton growers, respectively.

Conclusion

So, it is conclude knowledge about different variable the maximum number of respondents were found in the categories of the maximum number respondents (48.00%) and (60%) were observed in the categories of middle (35 to 59 years) age of the hybrid cotton and HYV cotton growers, primary school (31.00%) and (28.00%), OBC caste (50.00%) and (58.00%), Nuclear family (67.00%) and (71.00%), Marginal farmers (87.00%) and (90.00%), Rs. 55,000 to 1, 10,000 Annual income (43.00%) and(35.00%), Pucca house (88.00%) and (86.00%), Above 30 years (49.00%) and (36.00%) Farming experience, Non-member (67.00%) and (75.00%) Social participation, and (68.00%) and (56.00%) Tube-well + canal, respectively.

Acknowledgement

AcknowledgementI acknowledge to the Department of Extension Education, Shri Khushal Das University, Hanumangarh, District of Rajasthan for providing all short of facilities required for conducting this research.

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