Improving cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Role of dapagliflozin and metformin

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant global health challenge, affecting millions and burdening healthcare systems. A substantial proportion of individuals with T2DM experience complications like atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Effective management strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risk in T2DM are crucial. Dapagliflozin and metformin have emerged as promising agents with beneficial effects on ASCVD risk factors. Dapagliflozin and metformin exhibit complementary pharmacological mechanisms of action in glycemic control and target pathways implicated in ASCVD pathogenesis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ASCVD risk factors and risk stratification of patients. It discusses the pharmacological action of dapagliflozin and metformin, clinical efficacy in various studies and real-world settings, safety profiles, and potential benefits in cardiorenal outcomes. Delving into these aspects, this review highlights the role of these agents in mitigating ASCVD risk factors among individuals with T2DM. Insights from this review may provide perspectives to primary care physicians on effective treatment regimens involving these agents, ultimately resulting in improved cardiovascular outcomes.