Incidence of stem gall of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) caused by Protomyces macrosporus in different part of Eastern Utter Pradesh

Introduction

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the first spices to be used by man as a common flavouring substance. The name coriander, Coriandrum, first noted by Pliny, was derived from 'Kopis' (a bedbug) + ander (resembling) and refers to the supposed similarity of the scent of the crushed leaves to the distinctive odour of bedbugs. Coriander is a single plant, also called Chinese parsley and its leaves are known as Cilantro. It is an annual herb, mainly cultivated for its fruits as well as tender green leaves. Coriander is cultivated all over the world as green leafy vegetable and seeds as a spice for essential oil production. India is the largest producer of coriander in the world, accounting for about 80 per cent of the global production (Singh and Singh, 1996) [8] . The crop is attacked by several pathogens causing diseases like vascular wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f sp. coriander), stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), root rot (Rhizoctonia solani), charcoal rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola), seedling blight (Alternaria poonensis), stem gall (Protomyces macrosporus) and many bacterial, nematodal and viral disease. The disease Stem gall is caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger and is responsible for severe loss in yield (Gupta, 1954) [2] . The epidemiology, histopathology, biochemistry and control measures have all been well studied by several worker Viz., (Mukhopadhyay and Pavgi, 1971; Pavgi and Mukhopadhyay, 1972 and Lakra, 1999) [5,6,4] .

Materials and Methods

The survey will be conducted to record the occurrence and distribution of Stem Gall of Coriander in two blocks of each Five major Coriander growing districts in Easten Uttar Pradesh, India Viz. Jaunpur, Varanasi, Mirzapur, Bhadohi and Azamgarh during Rabi season 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. The blocks in each district will be selected randomly. The number of fields visited per blocks ranged from 5-10 and a distance of 15-20 Km. The surveyed and information on soil type, cultivars grown, percent disease incidence and agronomic practices were recorded. 1m 2 quadrants will be randomly selected in each field and infected plant will be conducted in each quadrant. Disease incidence (%) of stem gall of coriander of each village was estimated with the formula given below: Disease severity (%) was determined according to the scale of (Biswas et al., 1992) [1] .

Result and Discussion

In order to know the disease incidence of stem gall of coriander, a survey was conducted for collection of natural disease samples during the Rabi season 2021-22 and 2022-23 from different districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. During the survey, it was found that most farmers grow local variety of coriander. The less infection of coriander may be due to crop rotation followed by the farmers or resistance was present in local variety. The data are presented in Table-1. The result presented in Table-1 and corresponding (Fig1) the maximum percent of disease incidence (PDI) was recorded in Jaunpur (25.58) followed by Bhadohi (24.16), Varanasi (22.49), Azamgarh (21.41) and minimum PDI was recorded in Mirzapur (15.41) in year 2021-22. The maximum (33.33%) disease incidence was recorded in Nakabi in Khutahan block, Jaunpur and minimum (12.00%) disease incidence were recorded in Newarhia, in Petahra block, Mirzapur in 2021-22. In year 2022-23 result presented in Table 1 and corresponding histogram (Fig1) the maximum average PDI (%) was recorded in Jaunpur (24.74) followed by Azamgarh (23.41), Mirzapur (22.66), Bhadohi (21.49) and minimum average PDI (%) was recorded in Varanasi (20.91). The maximum PDI (28.00) was recorded in Kotwalipur village of Rani li Sarai of Azamgarh district and minimum PDI (15.00) was recorded in Balrampur village in Pindra block of Varanasi in 2022-23. The present findings were coincide with findings of several workers of coriander due to 3.8-21 percent disease intensity of stem gall on coriander under field conditions.

Conclusion

The survey conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 across Eastern Uttar Pradesh revealed significant variations in stem gall disease incidence in coriander. Jaunpur consistently recorded the highest percent disease incidence (PDI), with maximum values observed in Nakabi and Kotwalipur villages, while Mirzapur and Varanasi had the lowest incidences. The data suggests that factors such as local variety resistance and crop rotation practices may contribute to lower disease levels in some areas. Overall, the findings align with previous studies indicating a 3.8-21% disease intensity range for stem gall on coriander under field conditions.

References

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