Effect of potassium and boron on yield and economics of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Introduction

One member of the Brassicaceae family that goes by the name mustard is Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Old French mostarde and Anglo-Norman mustarde are the sources of the word "mustard" (contemporary French is moutarde). The word "young wine" (mustum) in Latin is the source of the first element. Originally, pulverized seeds were mixed with must to make the condiment. The Latin word "ardens" (hot, burning) is also the source of the second ingredient. In business, medicine, and cuisine, mustard oil is employed. In addition to being rich in omega-3 fatty acids, mustard seed has vitamins and minerals. Currently, only groundnut and soybean are the two most important oilseed crops in India, after rapeseed-mustard. India is the biggest oilseed producer, importer, and consumer in the world. Raabi (winter crop): One of the nine principal oilseeds cultivated in India is Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). In order to become self-sufficient, rapeseed-mustard output must rise due to the rising imbalance between supply and demand. In India, 9.80 mha of rapeseed-mustard are grown, yielding 11.4 mt of product and 1179 kg/ha of productivity (Agricultural Statistics at a glance, 2021-22). The states that cultivate the most rapeseed and mustard are Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and West Bengal. Together, these states account for 82% of the nation's total rapeseed and mustard acreage and 85% of its total production. Though most field crops only need small amounts of this essential element, boron has a significant impact on crop productivity. Many data indicate mustard's favorable response to boron fertilizer. In mustard, farmers often apply smaller amounts of N, P, and K and do not use boron fertilizer. Boron plays a major role in seed yield, especially in areas where soil contains insufficient amounts of B. Additionally, they reported that boron boosted mustard output and the amount of siliqua. In general, the brassica group has a high boron requirement. According to (Sharma 2006) [6] , boron significantly raised the quantity of pods and seed set. Boron treatment results in a 16-69% increase in seed production. [23] reported that potassium (K) plays a significant effect in lowering plant stress, especially moisture stress, and enhances agricultural water use efficiency (WUE).

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

A. Yield attributes and Yield

Siliqua/Plant

Treatment 9 with application of Potassium 40 kg/ha along with Boron 2 kg/ha recorded significantly higher number of siliqua/plant (125.75), which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments. However, treatment-8 Potassium 30kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha was found to be statistically at par with treatment-9 Potassium 40 kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha.

Seeds/siliqua

Significant and maximum number of seeds/siliqua (15.13) was observed in treatment-9 with application of Potassium 40 kg/ha along with Boron 2 kg/ha, which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments. However, treatment-8 Potassium 30 kg/ha + + Boron 2 kg/ha was found to be statistically at par with treatment-9 Potassium 40 kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha.

Significantly higher test weight highest (3.41 g) was recorded in treatment 9 with application of Potassium 40 kg/ha along with Boron 2 kg/ha, though there was nonsignificant difference among the treatments.

ignificant and higher seed yield (2135.15 kg/ha) was observed in treatment-9 with application of Potassium 40 kg/ha along with Boron 2 kg/ha, which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments. However, treatment-8 Potassium 30 kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha was found to be statistically at par with treatment-9 Potassium 40 kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha.

Treatment 9 with application of Potassium 40 kg/ha along with Boron 2 kg/ha recorded significant and higher stover yield (4043.38 kg/ha), which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments. However, treatment-8 Potassium 30 kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha was found to be statistically at par with treatment-9 Potassium 40 kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha.

B. Economics

Gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio were influenced due to different treatments.

Cost of production (INR 39500.00/ha) was found to be highest in treatment 9 with application of Potassium 40 kg/ha along with Boron 2 kg/ha as compared to other treatment.

Gross return (INR 136795.99/ha) was found to be highest in treatment 9 with application of Potassium 40 kg/ha along with Boron 2 kg/ha as compared to other treatment.

Conclusion

Based on the above findings it is concluded that, application of Potassium 40 kg/ha along with Boron 2 kg/ha. (Treatment 9) perform better in yield and ecomics in Mustard and hence can be recommended to the farmer.

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