Attitude of the farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojna in Handia tehsil of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh

Research study entitled “Attitude of the Farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojna in Handia Tehsil of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh” was under taken to study the profile characteristics of farmers, knowledge and adoption of the respondents towards PMKSY technique and aims to analyze the constraints in PMKSY.The study was taken up in Handia tehsil, Prayagraj district. 120 farmers are taken as respondents as size sample. The respondents interviewed personally by a well-structured interview schedule. The data was coded, tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical tools.The profile of the respondents reveals that the majority of the PMKSY farmers belonged to medium age, OBC caste, high school & higher secondary level of education, nuclear family, agriculture and allied occupational status, medium level of annual income, medium level of economic motivation and risk orientation.It was revealed that majority of farmers had medium level of knowledge regarding PMKSY and majority of farmers had medium level of adoption regarding PMKSY. There is significant increase in the socio- economic status of the PMKSY after undergone various development of entrepreneurial qualities in farmers, the social freedom of farmers had increased they are allowed to mix with friends, their self- confidence increases, they joined social organization and literacy rate also improved. Majority of them had their own bank account, income increased, now they changes her social status and as well as improved yourself.While analyzing overall constraints given by the PMKSY for respondents are presented in table 1. Delay in sanctioning of equipment’s and fund Low premium paying capacity of member farmers of gram Panchayat 76.67 percent ranked first followed by Sometimes the equipments supplied by Lack of awareness regarding PMKSY (75.00%), More time required forgetting compensation (73.33%), Distance of commercial bank from village 69.17 percent, Individual assessment is not followed in the scheme (65.00%), Involvement of corruption while settling claims (70.00%), Procedural formalities are very difficult in availing PMKSY (63.33%), Subsidy amount of premium is very low and need to be Increased (60.83%), Lack of irrigation resources in the area(48.33%), Compulsory nature of PMKSY even though farmers are not Interested (40.00%), Inadequate payment of compensation (27.50%).

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Introduction

Water is a scarce natural resource which is inevitable for existence of life on earth. In larger perspective, water security is fundamental to poverty alleviation, and water resource management impacts almost all aspects of economic activity, including food production and security, industry, energy production, and transport (Word bank, 2009). In a developing nation like India, water management hold utmost importance as India is home to 17.50 percent of world population with only 2.5 percent of geographical land and 4 percent of the world's renewable water resources. In the present context, India is experiencing a very significant water crisis. As per FAO (2011), agriculture is the largest water user worldwide, accounting for 70 percent of total freshwater withdrawals on average. Therefore, if humanity is facing water crises at present, then its mismanagement in agriculture should be held responsible for it to a larger extent. Meanwhile, the overall development of the agriculture sector and the targeted growth in Gross Domestic Product is largely dependent on the availability and use of water in agriculture. At present, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana (PMKSY), launched by Central Government, is aimed to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation for all agricultural farms in the country and to produce more output per unit of water. The scheme has been launched with budget of 50,000 crore for period of 5 years (2015-16 to 2019-20). The PMKSY (Per Drop More Crop) includes installation of micro-irrigation systems, use of efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots and rain-guns in the farm "(Jal Sinchan)", and extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic measures including adoption of proper cropping patterns, to maximize use of available water including rainfall and minimize irrigation requirement "(Jal Sanrakshan)". Present study focused on studying the socio personal and communication profile of those farmers who got benefitted from the programme i.e., who received micro irrigation subsidy support under PMKSY-PDMC. Government of India is committed to accord high priority to water conservation and it management. To this effect Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana (PMKSY) has been formulated with the vision of extending the coverage of irrigation "Har Khet ko pani" and improving water use efficiency "More crop per drop" in a focused manner with end to end solution on source creation, distribution, management, field application and extension activities. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by Honorable Prime Minister has accorded approval of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana (PMKSY) in its meeting held on 1st July, 2015. Launched on 1st July, 2015 with the motto of "Har Khet Ko Paani", the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) is being implemented to expand cultivated area with assured irrigation, reduce wastage of water and improve water use efficiency. PMKSY not only focuses on creating sources for assured irrigation, but also creating protective irrigation by harnessing rain water at micro level through "Jal Sanchay" and "Jal Sinchan". Micro irrigation is also incentivized through subsidy to ensure "Per drop-More crop". PMKSY is supervised and monitored by an Inter-Ministerial National Steering Committee (NSC) which will be constituted under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister with Union Ministers from concerned Ministries. A National Executive Committee (NEC) has been constituted under the Chairmanship of Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog to oversee programme implementation, allocation of resources, interministerial coordination, monitoring & performance assessment, addressing administrative issues etc. Har Khet Ko Pani (HKKP) aims for enhancement of physical access on the farm and expansion of cultivable area under assured irrigation. Under HKKP, surface minor irrigation and repair-renovation-restoration of water bodies component of PMKSY is targeted to provide additional 4.5 lakh hectare irrigation. In view of importance of rejuvenation of water bodies, the Cabinet has approved a paradigm shift in funding of their rejuvenation in both urban and rural areas, with significant expansion of their inclusion criteria, and enhancement of central assistance from 25 to 60 percent in general area. Further, Ground Water component of HKKP, approved provisionally for 2021-22, targets creation of irrigation potential of 1.52 lakh hectare.

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Research Methodology

The study entitled "Attitude of the Farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojna in Handia tehsil of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh" was undertaken to assess the knowledge and attitude of the farmers about Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana of Handia Teshsil, Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh.

Study Design

The design of the present study is descriptive one based on survey method. The study attempts to describe and analyse the role of a study on knowledge and attitude of farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana in Handia teshsil, Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh.

Place of the study

Handia teshsil will be selected purposively for the study. Handia teshsil, Prayagraj District, district is one among 75 districts of Bihar state, India. Handia teshsil, Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India.

Sample

From each village, 24 respondents were selected through random sampling method. Thus, constitutes the 120 respondents from 5 villages forms the respondents of the study.

Methods of data collection

Based on the objectives of the study, a pre-tested wellstructured interview schedule was prepared and used for collection of data from the respondents. The data was gathered with the help of pre-structured interview schedule. Each one of the respondents were interviewed personally based on the pre-planned meeting and their responses were recorded. The data collected from the respondents were categorized, tabulated and analyzed with suitable statistical tools in SPSS 16 software.

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Knowledge level of respondents in Handia Tehsil, Prayagraj District

The status of knowledge of respondents of Handia Tehsil, Prayagraj District about Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY). Knowledge as a body of understood information possessed by an individual is one of the important component of behavioral aspect. On this ground, it was realized imperative to examine the extent of knowledge of respondents about Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY).

Distribution of respondents according to their knowledge about PMKSY in Handia Tehsil, Prayagraj District

To get an overview of the knowledge level of respondents about Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY), the respondents were categorized in to low, medium and high level of knowledge group on the basis of calculated mean score and standard deviation. www.extensionjournal.com Individual aspect wise knowledge of respondents was also worked out for drawing a picture about the areas where respondents had good knowledge and where they were lacking, so that areas where respondents had low level of knowledge can be given more importance in future. This part of the chapter deals with the existing status of Attitude of respondents of Handia Tehsilabout Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY). Attitude as a body of understood information possessed by an individual is one of the important component of behavioral aspect. On this ground, it was realized imperative to examine the extent of Attitude of respondents about Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY).

It was observed from the Table 2 that among all 19 statement of attitude regarding government scheme i.e. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana scheme for agricultural production. PMKSY were concerned with agree attitude regarding I believe that PMKSY helps me to protect my crop against low level of irrigation with strongly agree attitude (23), Agree attitude (68), undecided attitude (9), disagree attitude (13) and strongly disagree attitude (7) respectively And followed other statements such like PMKSY helps to stabilize the irrigation (with strongly agree attitude (29), Agree attitude (73), undecided attitude (7), disagree attitude (10) and strongly disagree attitude (4) respectively. I believe that PMKSY is able to encourage me to adopt innovative agricultural practices with strongly agree attitude (26), Agree attitude (73), undecided attitude (7), disagree attitude (10) and strongly disagree attitude (4) respectively. Availing of PMKSY would improve my social status in my community with strongly agree attitude (28), Agree attitude (74), undecided attitude (10), disagree attitude (7) and strongly disagree attitude (1) respectively. Thus, it may be concluded that the maximum respondents were having either agree or undecided attitude regarding Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana. It was observed from the Table 2 that among all 19 statement of attitude regarding government scheme i.e. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana scheme for agricultural production. PMKSY were concerned with agree attitude regarding I feel that availing of PMKSY is time consuming with strongly agree attitude (32), Agree attitude (76), undecided attitude (5), disagree attitude (5) and strongly disagree attitude (2) respectively And followed other statements such like Opting irrigation under PMKSY is stressfully with strongly agree attitude (25), Agree attitude (83), undecided attitude (6), disagree attitude (4) and strongly disagree attitude (2) respectively. Long distance in availing PMKSY discourage me to adopt with strongly agree attitude (31), Agree attitude (73), undecided attitude (4), disagree attitude (10) and strongly disagree attitude (2) respectively. Adoption of PMKSY indicates scientific orientation with strongly agree attitude (25), Agree attitude (75), undecided attitude (9), disagree attitude (8) and strongly disagree attitude (3) respectively.

S. No.	Statement	Frequency	Percentage	Rank
1.	PMKSY was launc1hed on 1st July 2015.	93	77.50	II
2.	PMKSY is applicable in which season?	68	56.67	VII
3.	Which crops are covered under PMKSY?	58	48.33	IX
4.	PMKSY scheme was applicable to which categories of farmers?	91	75.83	III
5.	Which crop insurance scheme also covers tenant famers?	88	73.33	IV
6.	Which is the company providing crop insurance under PMKSY?	55	45.83	X
7.	Which type of losses covered under PMSBY	38	31.67	XIV
8.	Which of the following scheme is the replacement scheme of NAIS / MNAIS?	28	23.33	XVII
9.	Is PMKBY not for commercial crops?	30	25.00	XVI
10.	Whether policy application form has to be filled in order to avail crop irrigation services?	39	32.50	XIII
11.	Whether Policy forms for loan farmers is filled automatically?	15	12.50	XVIII
12.	Is PMKSY has high premium rate compared to previous schemes?	59	49.17	VIII
13.	Do you know that PMKSY is deducted from the amount of loan they take from the bank?	98	81.67	I
14.	Is Common Service Centres helps in facilitation of PMFBY for non-loanee farmers?	52	43.33	XII
15.	Do you know that, if the crop gets damaged, the farmer can report crop loss and also apply for claim on the PMFBY portal?	70	58.33	VI
16.	Do you know that losses caused by draught would be assessed at individual farm level?	37	30.83	XV
17.	Are you aware of the time period of reporting losses for Yojana claims?	54	45.00	XI
18.	Do you know which crops are notified in your area under PMKSY	57	47.50	X
19.	Can we rectify the mistakes of online application applied under PMKSY?	84	70.00	V

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Distribution of respondents according to their knowledge about PMFBY in Handia Tehsil, Prayagraj District n=120

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It was observed from the Table 3 that among all 19 statement of attitude regarding government scheme i.e. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana scheme for agricultural production. PMKSY were concerned with agree attitude regarding Getting compensation in PMKSY scheme is time consuming with strongly agree attitude (26), Agree attitude (71), undecided attitude (10), disagree attitude (7) and strongly disagree attitude (6) respectively And followed other statements such like I believe that PMKSY scheme has become area boon to farmers with strongly agree attitude (29), Agree attitude (73), undecided attitude (6), disagree attitude (7) and strongly disagree attitude (5) respectively. PMKSY scheme is essential for the economic growth of famers with strongly agree attitude (28), Agree attitude (71), undecided attitude (12), disagree attitude (6) and strongly disagree attitude (3) respectively. I believe that PMKSY scheme is more welfare oriented with strongly agree attitude (23), Agree attitude (79), undecided attitude (10), disagree attitude (6) and strongly disagree attitude (2) respectively It was observed from the Table 3 that among all 19 statement of attitude regarding government scheme i.e. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana scheme for agricultural production. PMKSY were concerned with agree attitude regarding I believe that PMKSY scheme is more business oriented with strongly agree attitude (30), Agree attitude (73), undecided attitude (7), disagree attitude (6) and strongly disagree attitude (4) respectively And followed other statements such like I feel that mostly educated farmers are getting benefits from PMKSY with strongly agree attitude (30), Agree attitude (77), undecided attitude (9), disagree attitude (2) and strongly disagree attitude (2) respectively. PMKSY has low premium rate compared to previous crop irrigation schemes with strongly agree attitude www.extensionjournal.com (27), Agree attitude (77), undecided attitude (11), disagree attitude (4) and strongly disagree attitude (1) respectively. PMKSY helps in maintaining economic condition in drought situation with strongly agree attitude (31), Agree attitude (75), undecided attitude (10), disagree attitude (4) and strongly disagree attitude (2) respectively.

S. No.	Statements	SA	A	UD	DA	SDA
1.	I believe that PMKSY helps me to protect my crop against low level of irrigation	23	68	9	13	7
2.	PMKSY helps to stabilize the irrigation	29	74	3	12	2
3.	I believe that PMKSY is able to encourage me to adopt innovative agricultural practices	26	73	7	10	4
4.	Availing of PMKSY would improve my social status in my community	28	74	10	7	1
5.	I feel that availing of PMKSY is time consuming	32	76	5	5	2
6.	Opting irrigation under PMKSY is stressfully	25	83	6	4	2
7.	PMKSY help me adoption for better irrigation practices.	30	73	7	9	1
9.	Long distance in availing PMKSY discourage me to adopt	31	73	4	10	2
10.	Adoption of PMKSY indicates scientific orientation	25	75	9	8	3
11.	Getting compensation in PMKSY scheme is time consuming	26	71	10	7	6
12.	I believe that PMKSY scheme has become area boon to farmers	29	73	6	7	5
13.	PMKSY scheme is essential for the economic growth of famers	28	71	12	6	3
14.	I believe that PMKSY scheme is more welfare oriented	23	79	10	6	2
15.	I believe that PMKSY scheme is more business oriented	30	73	7	6	4
16.	I feel that mostly educated farmers are getting benefits from PMKSY	30	77	9	2	2
17.	I feel that political interventions are more in PMKSY	27	74	13	5	3
18.	PMKSY has low premium rate compared to previous crop irrigation schemes	27	77	11	4	1
19.	PMKSY helps in maintaining economic condition in drought situation	31	75	10	4	0

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Distribution of respondents according to their attitude about PMKSY in Handia Tehsil n=120

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The constraint faced by the farmers during availing that yojana

The constraint faced by the farmers during availing that yojana

Conclusion

It was concluded that the socio-economic profile of the sample group were medium level. It was evident that the knowledge of farmers towards PMKSY were found half of the respondents medium level. The data revealed that the more than half of the respondents (63.33%) had medium level involvement in government scheme for agriculture development, followed by (24.17%) of the respondents had low level involvement respectively, while (12.50%) of the respondents having high level involvement in govt. scheme for agriculture development.

The factors influencing attitude of farmers towards PMKSY are age, education, size of land holdings, mass media exposure, extension contacts, and economic motivation.

Figures and tables from the paper

So. No.	Scores	Respondents	—
		Frequency	Percentage
1.	Low	39	32.5
2.	Medium	60	50
3.	High	21	17.5
	Total	120	100

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Distribution of respondents according to their knowledge.

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S. No.	Constraints	Frequency	Percentage	Rank
1.	Lack of awareness regarding PMKSY	90	75.00	II
2.	Compulsory nature of PMKSY even though farmers are not Interested	48	40.00	X
3.	Lack of irrigation resources in the area.	58	48.33	IX
4.	Low premium paying capacity of member farmers of gram Panchayat	92	76.67	I
5.	More time required forgetting compensation	88	73.33	III
6.	Individual assessment is not followed in the scheme	78	65.00	V
7.	Involvement of corruption while settling claims	77	64.17	VI
8.	Procedural formalities are very difficult in availing PMKSY	76	63.33	VII
9.	Subsidy amount of premium is very low and need to be Increased	73	60.83	VIII
10.	Inadequate payment of compensation	33	27.50	XI
11.	Distance of commercial bank from village.	83	69.17	IV

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Constraints faced by PMKSY respondents

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