Effect of biostimulants on growth and yield of rice

The field experiment was planned to assess the impact of this fertilizer on growth and yield of paddy during Kharif 2022-23 at Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur to evaluate the efficacy of AGMA-foliar Biostimulant on growth and yield of rice. The maximum grain yield of was recorded with application of AGMA BIOSTIMULANT GRANULE + 100% (T3) compared to all the remaining treatments and control and it was statistically at par with AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK At the time of transplanting. The highest straw yield was recorded AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK At the time of transplanting. benefit cost (B:C) ratio was higher in the application AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK At the time of transplanting followed by AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 80% NPKat 30 days after transplanting over other treatment.

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Yield / Grain yield ha-1 and Straw yield ha-1: AGMA Biostimulant... vs AGMA Biostimulant... vs AGMA Biostimulant... vs AGMA Biostimulant... vs AGMA Biostimulant...Close ×

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Introduction

Rice (Oryzae sativa L.) belongs to family Poaceae and genus "Oryzae". It contains 28.6% carbohydrate, 2.7% protein, 0.3% fat, and considerable proportion of Vitamin B6, Magnesium, Calcium, Iron. It is the primary staple for more than half of the world's population. Rice is grown globally on an area of about 164.84 million ha with the production of 755.5 million tones and productivity of 4.59 tonnes ha -1 . In India rice is grown in 45 million ha area, with a production of 122.27 million tones and productivity of 4.08 tonnes ha -1 . Madhya Pradesh contributes nearly 2.04 million ha and 6.19 million tonnes to the total area and production of rice in the country respectively. But the productivity (3.04 tonnes ha -1 ) is far below the yield potential i.e. 5.0 tonnes ha -1 . Various agricultural practices have been employed to enhance paddy yields, including the use of fertilizers, irrigation systems, and crop protection measures. However, these conventional methods often have limitations, such as high costs, negative environmental impacts, and potential risks to human health. Raghuwanshi et al., 2023a; Yadav et al., 2023a [44,47,48,23] . In recent years, there has been growing interest in the utilization of foliar biostimulants as a sustainable alternative for enhancing crop performance. Foliar biostimulants are substances that, when applied to plant leaves, promote physiological processes, nutrient absorption, and overall plant growth. They are typically composed of natural compounds such as seaweed extracts, amino acids, humic substances, and plant growthpromoting substances. This research study aims to comprehensively review the existing literature on the effects of AGMA-foliar biostimulants on paddy growth and yield.

Materials and Methods

In view of this a sponsored trial is planned to assess the impact of this fertilizer on growth and yield of paddy during Kharif 2022-23 at Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur to evaluate the efficacy of AGMA-foliar Biostimulant on growth and yield of rice. The field experiment was carried out at the Breeder seed production unit of JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (India). It is situated between 23 o 90′North latitude and 79 o 58′East longitude at an altitude of 411.78 meters above mean sea level and classified as "Kymore plateau and Satpura hills agro-climatic zone". The experimental plot was provided with assured irrigation facility having uniform topography and proper drainage.

The crop variety "JR-206" recommended for cultivation in Madhya Pradesh which was used in the experimental The major plant nutrients i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potash were given by urea, DAP and MOP respectively. The dose of fertilizer viz. 120 kg N, 60 kg P 2 O 5 and 40 kg K 2 O ha -1 was applied in accordance to the treatments given in Table 1. Half of total nitrogen and full dose of phosphorus, and potassium were applied as basal application before sowing according to the treatments. Treatments were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Remaining half dose of nitrogen in the form of urea was applied as top dressing in two equal splits, at the active tillering and panicle initiation stage. Harvesting of individual plots was done manually with the use of a sickle when the grains in panicles had fully matured. The data collected from both the stover and grain analyses were meticulously compiled and interpreted to glean valuable insights into the effects of the different treatments on nutrient uptake and crop yield

—	—	—	—	—	—
Treatments	Plant Height cm	Effective tillers m-2	Panicle length	Panicle weight	Grainspanicle-1
T1	80.3	385	22.05	1.73	80
T2	84.3	395	22.8	1.77	83
T3	85.3	336	21.4	1.72	80
T4	81.8	353	21.52	1.79	83
T5	79.9	345	22.01	1.65	77
T6	78.8	330	19.7	1.39	70
T7	73.6	328	21.37	1.45	73
T8	77	283	19.3	1.47	67
S.E.m +	0.12	1.14	0.14	0.02	1.32
C.D at 5%	0.36	3.78	0.46	0.06	3.54

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Efficacy of Biostimulant on growth and yield parameters of rice

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Results

Results

On Growth parameters

Plant population m-2 remained significant with application of biostimulant treatments at harvest whereas, non-significant at 20 DAS. The data presented in Table 1 and Table 2 revealed that all the characters were influenced significantly by the given treatments. The highest height of plant at time of harvest (85.3 cm) was recorded in the treatment T 3 followed by T 2 and T 1 . The Highest number of tillers per plant was recorded in T 3 followed by T 2 and T 1 as compared to control.

S. No.	Treatments	—	—	Yield	—	—
				Grain yield ha-1	Straw yield ha-1	Harvest index (%)
T1	AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK	At the time of transplanting	4 Kg	6288	9431	0.40
T2	AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK	15 days after transplanting	4 Kg	5480	8561	0.38
T3	AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK	30 days after transplanting	4Kg	5793	8751	0.39
T4	AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK	40 days after transplanting	4Kg	6332	9496	0.41
T5	AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 80% NPK	15 days after transplanting	4 Kg	5680	8528	0.38
T6	AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 80% NPK	30 days after transplanting	4 kg	4934	7658	0.37
T7	Control + 100% NPK	At the time of transplanting	-	4637	7412	0.37
T8	Control L + 80% NPK	15 days after transplanting	-	4065	6903	0.36
SEm +				92.71	35.98	0.005
CD (P=0.05)				277.6	107.7	0.014

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Effect of Biostimulant on, yield and quality of Rice

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Effect on crop yield

Among all the treatment combined application AGMA BIOSTIMULANT GRANULE + 100% NPK at the 15 days after transplanting showed higher plant population at harvest, plant height, leaf area index, tillers per meter row length and crop dry weight compared to other treatments as well as 100% RDF and control. The treatment AGMA BIOSTIMULANT GRANULE + 100% NPK was however at par to the treatment given.

Yield attributes viz., effective tillers m-2, length of panicle, weight of panicle, grains panicle-1 and test weight were significantly influenced by integrated application. Among the various nutrient management treatments, application of AGMA BIOSTIMULANT GRANULE + 100% (T 3 ) showed significantly higher effective tillers m-2, panicle length, panicle weight, grains panicle-1 and test weight, over the control plot as well as the plot given recommended fertilizer dose.

The maximum grain yield of was recorded with application of AGMA BIOSTIMULANT GRANULE + 100% (T 3 ) compared to all the remaining treatments and control and it was statistically at par with AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK At the time of transplanting (Singh et al., 2022; Jha et al., 2023) [30,23] . The highest straw yield was recorded AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK At the time of transplanting. [27,47,18,23,43,44,47,48,51,52] .

Effect on chemical properties of soil and nutrient uptake

Post harvest soil parameters like pH, EC, organic carbon were not significantly influenced by the integrated application of AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK. Singh et al., 2013a [18] ; Sahu et al., 2022 [49] ; Patel et al., 2023 [33,34,35] . The available N, P, K in soil was significantly influenced with application of AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK. Kumar et al., 2022 [30] ; Raghav et al., 2023 [46] . The available N, P, K in soil after harvest was minimum with treatment Control L + 80% NPK (Kumar et al., 2023 and Shri et al., 2014) [35,14] . Previous by Jha and Soni (2014) [14] and Verma et al. (2023) [23,43,44,47,48,51,52 . However, the nutrient uptake of (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) in grain and straw (kg ha -1 ) was highest in plots AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK At the time of transplanting fetched higher values of gross and net returns ha -1 ) followed by the treatment where the dose AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK 15 days after transplanting over the control plots and RDF plots. Sanodiya et al. (2013) [51] , Verma et al. (2022) [49] , Kantwa et al. (2019) [27] , Jha et al.

(2007) [26] and Kumbhare et al., 2023a [33,34,35] .

Economics of treatments

Application of AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK At the time of transplanting fetched higher values of gross and net returns ha -1 ) followed by the treatment where the dose AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK at 15 days after transplanting. Sahu et al., 2022 [49] ; Verma et al., 2023 [23,43,44,47,48,50,51,52] , Verma et al., 2022 [49] ; Malviya et al., 2012 [40] .

Whereas, benefit cost (B:C) ratio was higher in the application AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 100% NPK At the time of transplanting followed by AGMA Biostimulant Granule + 80% NPKat 30 days after transplanting over other treatment. Mengel et al., 2001 [41] ; Kumhar et al., 2022 [36] ; Kumbhare et al., 2023 [33, 34, 35] ; Sahu et al., 2023 [49] ; Patidar et al., 2023 [ 39] , Jha et al., 2008 [25] ; Jha et al., 2011 [20] ; Pahade et al., 2023 [43] .

Conclusion

The study conducted at JNKVV on Paddy variety JR -206 during Kharif, 2022-23 revealed that the application of AGMA bio-stimulant Granule gave good vegetative growth, more number of ears per plant, good size of ears and highest yield per plant as compared to control.

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Uptake of P (kg/ha) influenced by treatments

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Uptake of N (kg/ha) influenced by treatments

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Uptake of K (kg/ha) influenced by treatments

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74. Yadav PS, Jha AK, Kewat ML, Sahu MP, Verma B. Effect of sowing management and herbicides application on weeds and yield of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 2024 Mar;69(1):71-77.
75. Raghuwanshi M, Jha AK, Naik K, Pandey A. Influence of weed management strategies on nutrient uptake and soil properties in fodder maize cultivation. International Journal of Research in Agronomy. 2024;7(5):24-29.
76. Jha AK, Yadav PS, Shrivastva A, Dubey A, Jaiswal A. Influence of tillage and nutrient management on fodder productivity and economics of Oat in rice-oat cropping system. International Journal of Research in Agronomy. 2024;7(4):607-614.
77. Lakhan B, Jha AK, Verma B, Raghuvanshi S, Porwal M, Sahu MP. Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and its combination against weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 2023;68(4):443-446.
78. Chauhan A, Jha G, Chourasiya A, Jha A, Joshi J. Effect of tillage and weed management practices on growth productivity and energy analysis of late-sown chickpea. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 2017;9(5):3779-3781.
79. Agrawal KK, Bhadauria UPS, Jha A, Jain S. Crop weather relationship studies on chickpea for improving crop adaptation to climate change. Indian Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 2010;28:239-242.
80. Chauhan PS, Jha AK, Soni M. Efficacy of chlorimuronethyl against weeds in transplanted rice. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 2013;45(2):135-136.
81. Dwivedi BS, Pandey AK, Tiwari RK, Jha AK, Khamparia NK. Performance of integrated nutrient management on yield and uptake of direct seeded rice. Progressive Agriculture. 2012;12(2):381-385.
82. Patidar J, Kewat ML, Jha AK. Present status of weed flora in soybean crop. The Pharma Innovation. 2019;8(7):717720.
83. Singh V, Agrawal KK, Jha AK, Sahu MP. Effect of Forchlorfenuron on Yield and Economics of Transplanted Rice. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences. 2019;7(4):411-414.
84. Bhawana S, Jha G, Jha AK, Pratik S. Efficacy of chlorimuron for controlling weeds in soybean. Indian Journal of Weed Science. 2015;48(1):86-89.
85. Porwal M, Verma B, Jha AK. New and innovative technologies and machinery in conservation agriculture. In: Climate smart agriculture: Principles and practices. 2023. p. 113-127. ISBN: 978-81-19149-15-5.
86. Tiwari RK, Mahajan G, Jha A, Singh SK, Tripathi SK. Growth efficiency, productivity and economics of direct seeded rice as influenced by nitrogen level and weed management. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 2017;11(2):987-991.
87. Kumar S, Sanodiya P, Jha AK, Sahu MP, Verma B. Effect of 2,4-D sodium salt on weeds, growth and yields in rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 2023;68(4):100-103.
88. Jha AK, Pandey S, Pandey D, Meshram RK. Effect of fertilizer management with growth regulator on growth and yield of wheat. Pharma Innovation Journal. 2022;11(2):2999-3000.
89. Sahu MP, Kewat ML, Jha AK, Tiwari RK, Choudhary VK, Singh V, Verma B, Kumar N, Sahu A, Kumhare A, Singh S. Effect of weed control and crop residue mulches on weeds and yield of chickpea in Kymore plateau and Satpura hills of Madhya Pradesh. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2023;12(12):242-245.
90. Jain S, Jha AK. Effect of different tillage system on yield and economics of mustard varieties and soil properties for Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hillzone of Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Research on Crops. 2012;13(1).
91. Dubey JK, Kushwaha HS, Jha AK. Growth and biomass productivity of maize as influenced by maize cultivars and maize-based cropping system. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2022;SP-11(7):749-751.
92. Dubey JK, Kushwaha HS, Jha AK. Yield and economics of maize under maize-based cropping system in Kymore Plateau of Madhya Pradesh. Annals of Agricultural Research. 2022;43(4):409-412.
93. Chauhan BS, Matloob A, Mahajan G, Aslam F, Florentine SK, Jha P. Emerging challenges and opportunities for education and research in weed science. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017;8:1537-1550.
94. Jha SK, Sharma AK, Jha AK. Influence of sowing dates and time of fertilizer application on nutrient uptake in soybean crop for Malawa region of Madhya Pradesh. JNKVV Research Journal. 2010;44(2):143-145.
95. Singh V, Agrawal KK, Jha AK, Sahu MP. Effect of Forchlorfenuron on Yield and Economics of Transplanted Rice. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences. 2019;7(4):411-414.
96. Singh V, Agrawal KK, Jha AK. Effect of forchlorfenuron on yield and economics of transplanted rice. Progressive Agriculture. 2019;2:290-292.
97. Lodhi BS, Kumar P, Chouhan M, Rajpoot A, Jha A. Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Yield and YieldRelated Traits in Soybean Germplasms for Enhanced Crop Improvement. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science. 2023;35(22):9-17.
98. Toppo O, Kewat ML, Jha AK, Yadav PS, Verma B. Effect of Sowing time and weed management practices on weed dynamics, productivity and economics of direct-seeded rice. Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 2023;29(3):80-85.
99. Chauhan A, Chourasiya A, Singh P, Jha A. Effect of different tillage and weed management practices on growth and yield of chickpea. Journal of Plant Development Sciences. 2019;11(5):273-279.
100. Chauhan A, Jha G, Chourasiya A, Jha A. Effect of tillage and weed management practices on soil microbial. Journal of Pharmacognosy. 2018;7(1S):1106-1108.